Welcome to Surinam, a small yet fascinating country located on the northeastern coast of South America. Surinam, also known as “The Land of Many Waters,” offers a unique blend of culture, nature, and adventure that will leave you amazed. This comprehensive guide will take you on a journey through Surinam’s rich history, diverse geography, vibrant culture, and environmental wonders.
Suriname is a former Dutch colony and gained its independence in 1975. The country is known for its unique mix of cultures, with influences from Dutch, African, Indian, and Indigenous peoples. Surinam’s capital city, Paramaribo, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is a charming blend of elegant Dutch architecture and colorful Caribbean flair.
Surinam’s geography is just as diverse as its people. The country is home to vast rainforests, countless rivers, and majestic mountain ranges. Some of Surinam’s famous landmarks include the picturesque Galibi Nature Reserve, the breathtaking Brownsberg Nature Park, and the awe-inspiring Raleighvallen Nature Reserve.
Surinam’s ecosystem is teeming with unique flora and fauna, with over 6000 species of plants and 700 species of birds. Surinam is home to the Amazon rainforest, the largest rainforest in the world, and is also known for its large populations of jaguars, giant otters, and anacondas.
Surinam’s climate is tropical, and the country experiences two rainy seasons per year. The best time to visit Surinam is during the dry season from mid-August to mid-November. However, Surinam is a year-round destination for nature lovers and adventure seekers.
Surinam is a melting pot of cultures, with influences from all over the world. The country’s cuisine is no exception. Surinam’s cuisine is a blend of African, Indian, Indonesian, and Dutch flavors. Some of Surinam’s most famous dishes include roti, pom, and bara.
If you are looking for adventure, Surinam has plenty to offer. You can explore the Amazon rainforest, go on a river tour, or hike to one of the country’s many waterfalls. For a more relaxed experience, take a stroll through Paramaribo’s historic district or visit one of Surinam’s many museums.
Surinam’s people are warm, welcoming, and full of life. The country’s rich cultural heritage is celebrated through music, dance, and art. Surinam’s music scene is a blend of African and Caribbean rhythms, and the country is home to many talented musicians, including the world-famous Dave and his band, with hits like “Wan Pipel.”
This comprehensive guide will provide you with all the information you need to plan your trip to Surinam, including recommendations for places to visit, things to do, and where to stay. Come and discover Surinam, a country that offers a unique blend of natural beauty, cultural diversity, and unforgettable adventures.
Etymology
Surinam, also known as Suriname, is a country located in South America. Its name has an interesting history and can be traced back to the indigenous peoples who inhabited the region prior to European colonization.
The name “Surinam” is believed to have been derived from an indigenous language spoken by the Surinen people, who lived near the Suriname River. The word “Surinen” translates to “the people of the river,” which is fitting for a country that is home to many rivers and beautiful natural landscapes.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, Surinam was colonized by various European powers, including the Dutch and British. The country was eventually ceded to the Dutch in 1667 under the Treaty of Breda.
With the Dutch as the primary colonizers, Surinam became known as Dutch Guiana. However, Surinam gained independence from the Netherlands in 1975 and took on the name “Republic of Surinam.”
Today, Surinam is a unique and diverse country with a rich history that is reflected in its name.
History
Surinam’s history dates back to pre-colonization times when indigenous tribes inhabited the land. The first European to visit the area was Christopher Columbus in 1498. However, it was the Dutch who established permanent settlements in the early 17th century and named the area Dutch Guiana. The Dutch brought African slaves to work on plantations, and Surinam became a hub for the slave trade.
In 1863, slavery was abolished, and Surinam became a labor colony. It was not until 1954 that Surinam gained autonomy within the Kingdom of the Netherlands as a constituent country. Surinam became an independent nation in 1975, but the country struggled with political instability and ethnic tensions.
During the 1980s, Surinam experienced a military coup led by Desi Bouterse, who ruled as a dictator until the early 1990s. In 1991, democratic elections were held, and a new constitution was adopted. Since then, Surinam has been a democratic republic with a president as the head of state and a multi-party system.
Surinam’s history is diverse and rich, and the country’s culture is a reflection of its past. Today, Surinam is a melting pot of Indigenous, African, European, and Asian cultures, and each has contributed to the country’s unique identity.
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1498 | Christopher Columbus first European to visit the area |
| 1621 | The Dutch West India Company establishes settlements in Surinam |
| 1667 | Surinam ceded to the Dutch by the Treaty of Breda |
| 1863 | Slavery abolished in Surinam |
| 1948 | Surinam becomes an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands |
| 1975 | Surinam gains independence from the Netherlands |
| 1980 | Military coup led by Desi Bouterse |
| 1991 | Democratic elections held in Surinam |
Surinam’s history is an integral part of the country’s identity. Visitors to Surinam can learn more about the country’s past by visiting museums, historic landmarks, and cultural centers.
Geology
Surinam is a country located in South America and is home to a diverse range of geological features. The country has a varied topography that ranges from low-lying coastal plains to the rugged mountainous terrain of the hinterland.
The country’s northern coast is characterized by its sandy beaches and mangrove swamps, while the southern part of the country is covered by dense rainforests and savannas. Surinam’s highest peak is called the Julianatop and stands at an impressive 1,286 meters tall. This mountain is located in the Sipaliwini District of the country and is a popular spot for hiking and mountain climbing enthusiasts.
Aside from its mountains, Surinam is also home to several major rivers that flow through the country. The Suriname River, for instance, is the largest river in Surinam and is an important transportation route for goods and people alike. Other notable rivers in Surinam include the Coppename River, the Saramacca River, and the Maroni River, which forms the natural border between Surinam and French Guiana.
The country’s forests also play a vital role in shaping Surinam’s unique geography. Surinam is home to some of the most biodiverse forests in the world, containing a variety of plant and animal species that are found nowhere else on earth. Notable forests in Surinam include the Central Suriname Nature Reserve, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the Boven Coppename Nature Reserve, which is home to several endangered species.
In addition, Surinam is also home to several waterfalls that are a popular attraction for visitors to the country. The Raleighvallen Falls, for instance, is a 56-meter-high waterfall located in the Central Suriname Nature Reserve, while the Blanche Marie Falls is a spectacular multi-tiered waterfall that is accessed via a four-wheel drive vehicle.
Surinam’s geological features make it a unique and diverse country that is well worth exploring.
Geography
Surinam is a country located on the northeastern coast of South America. It is bordered by Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and French Guiana to the east. The country has a total land area of 165,000 square kilometers, making it the smallest country in South America.
The geography of Surinam is characterized by its diverse landscapes, ranging from coastal plains to dense rainforests and mountain ranges. Its highest point is Julianatop, which stands at 1,286 meters above sea level in the Wilhelmina Mountains.
Surinam is home to several major rivers, including the Coppename, Courantyne, and Suriname rivers, which are all important transportation routes and sources of hydroelectric power. The country also boasts an extensive network of waterways, with over 1,200 kilometers of navigable rivers and canals.
| Location | Size | Borders |
|---|---|---|
| North-Eastern coast of South America | 165,000 square kilometers | West: Guyana, South: Brazil, East: French Guiana |
Surinam’s location near the equator provides it with a tropical climate, characterized by high temperatures and humidity throughout the year. The country experiences two rainy seasons, from April to August and from November to February, which can cause flooding in some areas.
Despite its small size, Surinam is one of the most ecologically diverse countries in the world, with over 80% of its land covered by rainforests. These forests are home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, including jaguars, giant river otters, and over 1,000 species of birds.
The unique geography and ecology of Surinam have made it a popular destination for eco-tourists, who come to explore its wilderness areas, hike its mountains, and observe its wildlife in its natural habitat.
- Surinam is located on the northeastern coast of South America.
- It is the smallest country in South America, with a total land area of 165,000 square kilometers.
- The country is bordered by Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and French Guiana to the east.
- Surinam has a diverse geography, including coastal plains, dense rainforests, and mountain ranges.
- The country boasts several major rivers, including the Coppename, Courantyne, and Suriname rivers.
- Surinam has a tropical climate, with high temperatures and humidity throughout the year.
- The country is over 80% covered by rainforests, which are home to a wide variety of flora and fauna.
Ecology
Surinam’s ecology is one of the most diverse and unique in the world. The country’s geography, climate, and ecosystems have created a rich and complex ecosystem that is home to a variety of flora and fauna. The country’s rainforests, marshes, and savannas are home to over 4000 different species of plants and animals.
The rainforest is undoubtedly the most famous of Surinam’s ecosystems and one of the country’s most precious assets. It is home to a vast array of species, including jaguars, tapirs, anacondas, and a multitude of monkeys. The canopy of the rainforest is the domain of macaws, toucans, and parrots, making the rainforest a bird watcher’s paradise. The forest floor teems with life, from tiny insects to large mammals, and the incredible plant life that creates stunning greenery and medicines for local tribes.
The marsh ecosystems of Surinam are another vital part of its ecology. The country’s Great Wetlands are one of the largest freshwater ecosystems in South America. The Wetlands are a vital habitat for numerous fish species and provide a valuable watershed for the Amazon river basin. The area is also home to creatures like the anaconda, caiman, giant otter, and capybara. Numerous species of birds, including the sunbittern and the hoatzin, can be found in the marshes.
Savannas are widespread in Surinam and support a unique ecosystem. The grasses, trees, and shrubs that grow on the savannah are home to a wide range of animals, including the bush dog, giant anteater, and the cute capuchin monkeys. The savannahs of Surinam are part of a unique habitat that fills the gaps between the rainforest and the marshes.
Surinam’s ecology is an essential part of the country’s identity and a vital asset for its economy. Ecotourism is a growing industry in Surinam, and visitors can enjoy a host of activities, including river cruises, bird watching, and wildlife safaris. The country’s government is committed to preserving this unique ecology for future generations and has implemented policies for sustainable development, including green energy solutions, selective logging, fishing, and hunting. Surinam is an ecological paradise that must be preserved.
Biodiversity
Surinam, a small country in South America, is home to an incredibly diverse range of flora and fauna. Its forests are filled with rare and exotic species, and the country is considered a biodiversity hotspot. Surinam’s location on the equator and its various ecological zones contribute to its rich biodiversity.
The country’s forests are home to jaguars, giant otters, and howler monkeys, among other animals. The rivers and wetlands are teeming with caimans, anacondas, and piranhas. Surinam is also home to over 700 different species of birds, including the harpy eagle, which is one of the largest and most powerful birds of prey in the world.
Despite its wealth of biodiversity, Surinam faces a number of threats to its ecosystems. Deforestation and mining have taken a toll on the country’s forests, and many species are at risk of extinction. In response, the Surinamese government has implemented several measures to protect the country’s biodiversity.
Surinam is home to numerous protected areas, including the Central Suriname Nature Reserve, which covers over 1.6 million hectares and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The government has also implemented laws and regulations to restrict hunting and logging in certain areas. conservation organizations and local communities are working together to protect vulnerable species and their habitats.
One such organization is Conservation International, which has worked in Surinam for over a decade. Through partnerships with local organizations and the government, Conservation International has helped to establish sustainable forest management practices, protect endangered species, and promote eco-tourism. These efforts not only help to preserve Surinam’s unique biodiversity but also provide economic benefits to local communities.
In addition to conservation efforts, Surinam also participates in international agreements and initiatives to protect biodiversity. The country is a signatory of the Convention on Biological Diversity and has committed to the Aichi targets, a set of biodiversity conservation goals.
Surinam’s rich biodiversity is a source of pride for its people, and efforts are being made to ensure that this natural heritage is preserved for future generations. Through a combination of government policies, conservation organizations, and local communities, Surinam’s unique ecosystems will continue to thrive.
Climate
Surinam’s location close to the equator gives it a tropical climate with high temperatures and humidity throughout the year. Temperatures typically range from 23 to 32 degrees Celsius, with very little variation between seasons. However, the country does experience two rainy seasons, which affect different regions at different times.
The first rainy season lasts from April to August and affects the coastal areas, while the second rainy season affects the interior regions from November to February. During these times, the country experiences heavy rainfall and sometimes even flooding. Despite this, Surinam’s rainfall is more moderate compared to other South American countries, with an average annual precipitation of around 2,000 millimeters.
Surinam’s tropical climate creates an ideal environment for a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and other crops. The country is known for its delicious exotic fruits such as papayas, mangoes, and pineapples. the tropical climate provides ideal conditions for the growth of hardwood trees, such as greenheart, which is widely used in construction.
If you plan to visit Surinam, it is important to pack light, breathable clothing and expect high temperatures and humidity. It’s also a good idea to carry rain gear during the rainy seasons. The best time to visit is between August and November when the weather is typically drier and cooler. However, keep in mind that some attractions may be closed during the rainy seasons due to flooding.
Surinam’s tropical climate creates a unique environment for both farming and tourism. While the rainy seasons can bring challenges, they also have their own charm, providing lush, green landscapes and opportunities for adventure. Make sure to pack accordingly and plan your visit around the weather patterns to make the most of your trip to Surinam.
Environmental Issues
Surinam is a country that boasts of natural beauty and rich biodiversity. However, like many developing nations, Surinam faces environmental challenges that threaten its natural resources. Deforestation is one of the most pressing environmental issues facing the country. The country has a forest cover of approximately 93%, and as such, deforestation poses a serious threat to its natural resources and biodiversity. The deforestation rate in Surinam has been on the rise in recent years, mainly due to logging, mining, and agricultural activities.
The fruits of illegal mining and clearing of forests in Surinam are disastrous. Such activities lead to the destruction of habitats for animals, water pollution, and carbon emissions, which contribute to climate change. As the rainforest becomes less dense, the capacity of the forest to absorb carbon dioxide is reduced, leading to increased greenhouse gases and global warming. The increased deforestation rate will result in the loss of valuable timber, increased soil erosion, and reduced rainfall.
Pollution is another severe environmental challenge in Surinam. The country’s rivers and waterways are contaminated with waste from illegal mining and industrial activities. The long-term effects of contamination from these activities can impact water quality and affect aquatic life. Toxic chemicals used during gold mining activities, for instance, such as mercury are a health hazard, posing serious threats to human health when consumed in contaminated fish. Air pollution, mainly from industrial activities, is also a concern. It poses health risks to Surinamese residents, and it also contributes to climate change, posing regional and global environmental risks.
Moreover, improper waste disposal is a significant challenge that the country faces, largely due to inadequate waste management systems. The lack of appropriate waste disposal systems has led to waste being dumped in rivers and public spaces. This illegal waste disposal practice causes significant health risks and environmental degradation.
The Surinamese government has put in place a national policy on environment and sustainable development that outlines and guides measures aimed at mitigating human impacts on the environment. The policy encourages activities that promote sustainable and eco-friendly practices, rational utilization of natural resources, and waste reduction, among other practices. organizations such as Conservation International Surinam have programmes aimed at promoting conservation of natural resources and advancing sustainable use of the environment.
Surinam faces various environmental issues, mainly deforestation, pollution, and improper waste disposal. It is essential to tackle these issues to ensure the preservation of the country’s natural resources, ecosystems, and biodiversity. The government, in collaboration with other international organizations, is making efforts to address these challenges and promote eco-friendliness. However, more needs to be done to mitigate the effects of environmental challenges on the country’s population, especially in rural areas, where there is little to no access to adequate healthcare, potable water, and food security.
Politics
Surinam is a democratic country with a parliamentary system of government. The President is the head of state and the government, and is elected for a term of five years. The country’s legislative branch is the National Assembly, which is made up of 51 members who are elected by popular vote every five years.
There are several major political parties in Surinam. The National Democratic Party (NDP) is currently the ruling party and was founded by the current President Desi Bouterse. The Progressive Reform Party (VHP) is the largest opposition party, followed by the National Party of Suriname (NPS). Other notable political parties include the Democratic Alternative ’91 (DA’91) and the Pertjajah Luhur (PL).
Suriname has a multi-party democracy, which means that there are many smaller parties that compete in the political arena as well. In addition, the country has a history of coalition governments, which means that multiple parties must often work together in order to govern effectively.
Political stability is a challenge for Suriname, as the country has experienced a number of coups and attempted coups throughout its history. The most recent coup occurred in 1990, when President Bouterse overthrew the democratically elected government. Bouterse was later convicted in absentia for drug trafficking by a Dutch court in 1999.
Despite this turbulent political history, Suriname has made progress in recent years in terms of democratic governance. The country has held relatively free and fair elections since the return to civilian rule in 1991, and has made strides in improving transparency and accountability in government.
One of the key issues facing the political system in Suriname today is corruption. The country ranks poorly on international indices of corruption perception, and politicians are often accused of using their positions for personal gain. Efforts to combat corruption are ongoing, however, and there are a number of civil society organizations dedicated to promoting transparency and accountability in government.
Suriname’s political system is characterized by diversity and dynamism. With multiple parties competing for power and a history of coalition governments, there is always the potential for change and progress. However, challenges such as corruption and political instability must be addressed in order for the country to continue to move forward.
Economy
Surinam has a small, open economy that is heavily dependent on the extractive industries, particularly bauxite mining. Other important sectors include gold mining, agriculture, and forestry. The country has been working to diversify its economy in recent years, with a focus on promoting tourism and renewable energy.
Surinam’s GDP in 2020 was approximately $3.5 billion, with a per capita GDP of around $6,800. The country’s economy has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a contraction in GDP of around 13% in 2020.
The extractive industries, particularly bauxite and gold mining, account for a significant portion of Surinam’s exports. The country is also a major exporter of alumina, which is produced by processing bauxite.
In recent years, there has been a push to promote tourism in Surinam. The country has a rich natural and cultural heritage, including the Amazon rainforest, historic Dutch colonial architecture, and a vibrant mix of cultures. The government has implemented policies to attract more tourists, including visa waivers for certain nationalities and the development of new tourism infrastructure.
In addition to promoting tourism, Surinam is also working to promote renewable energy. The country has significant potential for hydropower, solar, and wind energy, and the government has set ambitious targets for increasing renewable energy capacity in the coming years.
The agriculture sector in Surinam is small but important, particularly for domestic food security. The country produces a variety of crops, including rice, bananas, and cassava. There is also potential for increased production of non-traditional crops, such as fruits and vegetables, for export.
Surinam’s economy faces significant challenges, including vulnerability to external shocks and a need for diversification. However, there are also opportunities for growth and development, particularly in the areas of tourism and renewable energy.
Infrastructure
Surinam’s infrastructure is relatively well-developed, with a comprehensive transportation network and modern communication systems. The country has a mix of paved and unpaved roads, and most major cities are accessible by car. However, road conditions can be poor in some areas, particularly during the rainy season. There is also a limited highway network in Surinam, and driving after dark is not recommended due to the lack of streetlights.
Public transportation in Surinam includes buses and taxis, which are relatively affordable. However, buses can be crowded and uncomfortable, and taxis are not always reliable. There is also a small domestic airline that connects the major cities in Surinam, but prices can be high.
Surinam’s communication infrastructure is modern and well-developed, with widespread access to mobile phones and the internet. There are several internet service providers in the country, and most hotels and cafes offer Wi-Fi to their customers. Surinam also has a well-established postal service.
Utilities in Surinam are provided by several companies, including the national electricity company and the national water company. Electricity is available throughout the country, although power outages can occur during storms or other disruptions. Tap water in Surinam is generally safe to drink, although some people prefer to drink bottled water.
Surinam’s infrastructure is reliable and functional, although there is room for improvement in certain areas. The government has invested in upgrading the transportation network and expanding access to utilities, and these efforts are expected to continue in the coming years.
Science and Technology
Surinam has made significant strides in the fields of science and technology in recent years. One area that has seen major development is medicine. The country has achieved great success in tackling diseases such as malaria and HIV/AIDS, and it has been able to significantly reduce the number of cases.
In addition to medicine, Surinam is also making progress in renewable energy. The country has begun investing in solar power and wind energy as a way of reducing its reliance on fossil fuels. This has not only helped to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but has also created new job opportunities in the renewable energy sector.
Furthermore, Surinam has invested in the improvement of its infrastructure, particularly in the area of telecommunications. The country has implemented fiber optic networks, and mobile networks have expanded coverage to remote areas. This has facilitated easier communication, increased connectivity, and faster access to information.
The Surinamese government has also prioritized research and development in science and technology. The Anton de Kom University of Surinam, the country’s only university, has been a major contributor to this effort. The university is home to several research institutes that focus on different fields, from technology to agriculture.
Surinam is also known for its participation in international scientific research. It has been involved in efforts to study climate change, biodiversity, and conservation. The country has also contributed to research on the effects of mercury exposure on indigenous communities.
Surinam has demonstrated significant progress in science and technology, particularly in medicine and renewable energy. This progress is critical to the country’s sustainable development goals, and Surinam’s efforts in this area are commendable.
Famous People
Surinam has produced a number of notable individuals who have made their mark in various fields. Here is a list of some of the most famous people from Surinam:
- Johan Ferrier: Ferrier was the first President of Surinam, serving from 1975 to 1980.
- Cynthia McLeod: McLeod is a celebrated Surinamese author, known for her historical fiction novels.
- Ronny Brunswijk: Brunswijk is a former rebel leader and current politician who founded the Surinamese political party ABOP.
- André Kamperveen: Kamperveen was a national football player, journalist, and politician who was assassinated in 1982 during the December murders.
- Nisha Madaran: Madaran is a successful Surinamese-Canadian actress, singer, and dancer who has appeared in numerous productions across North America.
- Roland Alberg: Alberg is a professional footballer who has played for numerous teams in the Netherlands and Turkey and who currently represents Surinam on the international stage.
- Ramdien Sardjoe: Sardjoe is a former Vice President of Surinam, serving from 2000 to 2010.
- Inga Mauer: Mauer is a Dutch electronic musician of Surinamese descent who has gained international recognition for her work in the techno genre.
- Rusland Hiskia: Hiskia is a successful businessman and philanthropist who has contributed significantly to Surinam’s economy and social development.
These are just a few examples of the many talented and accomplished individuals who have roots in Surinam. Their contributions to society serve as a testament to the rich and diverse culture of this fascinating country.
Demographics
Surinam has a diverse population, with people from various ethnic backgrounds and religions. According to the latest census, the population of Surinam is approximately 591,800. The official language of the country is Dutch, but Sranan Tongo, Hindi, Javanese, and English are also spoken.
The population of Surinam is relatively young, with a median age of 29 years old. Approximately 31% of the population is under the age of 15, while 8% are over the age of 65.
The largest ethnic group in Surinam is the Creole population, which makes up around 37% of the total population. The next largest group is the Hindustani population, comprising 27% of the population. The Maroon population, which includes descendants of enslaved Africans who escaped into the rainforest, makes up around 15% of the population. Javanese, Amerindian, Chinese, and other ethnic groups also reside in Surinam.
Surinam is a religiously diverse country, with the majority of the population practicing Christianity. Approximately 23% of the population is Hindu, and 14% is Muslim. Other religions, such as Baha’i and Winti, are also practiced in the country.
Below is a table with a breakdown of Surinam’s population by age and ethnicity:
| Age Group | Creole | Hindustani | Maroon | Javanese | Amerindian | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 years | 98,428 | 96,708 | 29,073 | 28,791 | 14,082 | 14,959 |
| 15-24 years | 68,526 | 75,937 | 21,794 | 19,626 | 8,686 | 8,907 |
| 25-54 years | 129,255 | 82,307 | 46,481 | 46,304 | 11,469 | 21,900 |
| 55-64 years | 19,501 | 9,632 | 6,212 | 1,820 | 1,117 | 3,217 |
| 65 years and over | 3,983 | 2,374 | 2,372 | 418 | 260 | 596 |
It is important to note that Surinam has a rich and diverse culture, shaped by its diverse population and history. The country celebrates a variety of holidays and festivals throughout the year, including Hindu festivals such as Diwali and Phagwah, as well as Christian holidays like Christmas and Easter. The diversity of Surinam’s population and culture is something that should be celebrated and embraced.
Ethnicities
Surinam is a melting pot of cultures and ethnic groups, with a population of around 600,000 people. The largest ethnic group is the East Indians, who make up about 27% of the population. They were brought to Surinam by the Dutch as indentured servants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The Creoles, who are descendants of African slaves and European colonizers, make up about 15% of the population. The Maroons, who are descendants of escaped African slaves, make up around 10%. They have preserved many aspects of their African heritage, including their language, religion, and music, and live mostly in the interior regions of the country.
The Javanese, who are descendants of immigrants from the Indonesian archipelago, make up about 14% of the population. They were brought to Surinam by the Dutch in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to work on sugar plantations.
The Amerindians, who are the indigenous people of Surinam, make up about 3% of the population. They live mostly in the interior regions of the country and have their own customs, beliefs, and languages.
Other ethnic groups in Surinam include Chinese, Lebanese, and Dutch. The Chinese arrived in Surinam in the 19th century and established themselves as merchants. The Lebanese arrived in the 20th century and became successful traders. The Dutch, who colonized Surinam until 1975, still make up a small percentage of the population.
The diverse ethnic groups in Surinam have contributed to a unique culture that is reflected in the country’s music, dance, and cuisine. Each group has its own traditions and celebrations that are celebrated throughout the year. For example, the Javanese celebrate Hari Raya and the Maroons celebrate Winti.
Surinam’s ethnic diversity is one of its greatest strengths, and has led to a rich and vibrant culture that makes it a fascinating destination for travelers.
Religion
Surinam is a religiously diverse country, with multiple faiths and beliefs coexisting peacefully. The major religions in Surinam are Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam, with smaller populations practicing Judaism, Buddhism, and traditional indigenous religions.
Christianity is the largest religion in the country, with over 48% of the population identifying as Christian. The majority of Christians are Roman Catholic or Protestant, with smaller populations of Jehovah’s Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventists, and Mormons. The historic city of Paramaribo is home to many churches, including the largest wooden structure in the Western Hemisphere, St. Peter and Paul Cathedral.
Hinduism is the second-largest religion in Surinam, with over 22% of the population practicing this faith. Most Hindus in Surinam are the descendants of immigrants from India who arrived in the country as indentured laborers during the colonial period. The Hindu community celebrates many festivals throughout the year, including Diwali and Holi. Many Hindu temples can be found throughout the country, but the most famous is the Shiv Mandir in downtown Paramaribo.
Islam is the third-largest religion in Surinam, with over 14% of the population being Muslim. Most Muslims in Surinam are Sunni, with a smaller population of Ahmadiyya Muslims. The largest mosque in Surinam is the Mosque Keizerstraat in Paramaribo.
Other religions practiced in Surinam include Judaism, with a small but active Jewish community, and Buddhism, with a growing number of practitioners. Traditional indigenous religions are also present in Surinam, especially among the Amerindian populations in the interior.
Despite the differences in faith, religion plays an important role in Surinamese society. Many holidays, such as Christmas, Eid al-Fitr, and Phagwah, are recognized as national holidays, and people of different religions often participate in each other’s celebrations. The Surinamese government also promotes religious harmony and tolerance through various initiatives and programs.
Languages
Surinam is a diverse country with a rich cultural heritage, and this is reflected in the various languages spoken in the country. The official language of Surinam is Dutch, which is the language of government, education and media.
In addition to Dutch, several other languages are spoken in Surinam. One of these languages is Sranan Tongo, which is a creole language that developed during the colonial period. It is widely spoken and serves as a lingua franca between different ethnic groups in Surinam. Another creole language spoken in Surinam is Saramaccan, which is spoken by the Saramaccan people who live along the Saramacca River.
The indigenous languages of Surinam are also an important part of the country’s linguistic diversity. There are several indigenous languages spoken in Surinam, including Arawak, Carib, and Warao, among others.
Other languages spoken in Surinam include English, which is widely understood, particularly in urban areas. Portuguese and Spanish are also spoken by some members of the Haitian and Brazilian communities in Surinam.
Surinam’s linguistic diversity reflects the country’s multiculturalism and the different influences that have shaped its history and culture. It is one of the things that makes Surinam such an interesting and unique place to visit.
Health
Surinam’s healthcare system has improved significantly over the years, but it still faces several challenges. The country has both public and private healthcare facilities, with the majority of the population relying on the public sector, which is mostly financed by the government. However, despite government spending, medical resources and facilities in Surinam are limited and often inaccessible to residents in remote areas.
Common diseases in Surinam include malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Surinam has one of the highest rates of malaria in the Americas. The government has implemented various measures to combat these diseases, including vaccination campaigns and public health education programs.
The availability of medical personnel in Surinam is also a challenge. The country has a shortage of doctors and nurses, particularly in rural communities. The government has made efforts to address this by increasing training programs for medical personnel and offering incentives for health professionals to work in rural areas.
Surinam has a national health insurance program called the Basic Health Insurance (Basis Ziektekostenverzekering or BZV), which aims to provide affordable healthcare to all citizens. The program covers basic medical care, including hospitalization, specialist consultations, and medicine. However, the system has faced criticism for its limited coverage, lengthy wait times, and bureaucratic process for accessing medical care.
Private healthcare facilities in Surinam are available but are expensive and often inaccessible for the majority of the population. The private sector often caters to foreigners, expatriates, and wealthy individuals.
In recent years, there has been a push towards improving Surinam’s healthcare system, with the government investing in new medical equipment, infrastructure, and training programs for medical personnel. However, significant improvements are still needed to provide accessible, affordable, and high-quality healthcare to all residents.
Surinam’s healthcare system faces several challenges, including limited medical resources, a shortage of medical personnel, and an inadequate national health insurance program. However, the government has made efforts to address these issues, and there is hope for future improvements in the country’s healthcare system.
Culture
Surinam’s culture is a beautiful blend of various ethnic and cultural influences. The country’s history of colonization and slavery has contributed to its rich cultural diversity. Music, dance, and food are integral parts of Surinamese culture and are celebrated across the country.
Music has a special place in Surinamese culture, with a wide variety of styles ranging from traditional Afro-Surinamese music to Western-influenced pop music. Kaseko, a style of Surinamese popular music, combines African rhythms with European melodies and is beloved by locals. In addition, Surinamese music also features the use of traditional instruments such as the tambú and bamboo flute.
Dance is also an essential component of Surinamese culture. Salsa and other Latin American dance styles are popular, and Surinam has its own unique style of folk dancing known as kawina. This traditional dance is performed by both men and women and involves a lot of movement in the hips and feet.
Cuisine is another critical aspect of Surinamese culture, reflecting the country’s diverse ethnic makeup. Surinam’s food is characterized by its bold and complex flavors, resulting from the blend of West-African, Javanese, Indian, and Dutch influences. Popular dishes include roti, a type of flatbread served with curried chicken or vegetables, and pom, a baked casserole made with fish or chicken and cassava.
In addition to its traditional music, dance, and food, Surinam has a vast array of cultural festivals and events. These events bring together the country’s diverse communities and celebrate its unique cultural heritage. Some of the most well-known festivals include the Maroon Festival, held in the interior of the country, and the Suriname Jazz Festival, which features both local and international musicians.
Surinam’s cultural diversity is a significant factor in making it such a unique and exciting destination. Visitors can immerse themselves in Surinamese culture by experiencing the country’s food, music, and dance and attending local festivals and events. Surinam’s culture is a shining example of how a blend of several different traditions and influences can come together to create something uniquely beautiful.
Activities to Do
If you’re looking for thrilling activities to do, Surinam has a variety of options that will satisfy your adventurous spirit. Here’s a list of fun and exciting things to do in Surinam:
- Hiking: Surinam’s diverse terrain is perfect for hiking, with trails ranging from easy to challenging. The Raleighvallen Nature Reserve is a popular destination for hikers, with its stunning waterfalls and wildlife.
- Fishing: Surinam is known for having some of the best freshwater fishing in the world. The Suriname River is famous for its abundance of fish species, including catfish and piranha.
- Sightseeing: Surinam has a rich cultural heritage, and there are many fascinating landmarks and historic sites to visit. The historic capital city of Paramaribo is a must-see, with its colonial architecture and unique blend of cultures.
- Exploring Wildlife: Surinam is a haven for bird watchers, with over 700 species of birds, including toucans and macaws. The Galibi nature reserve is another popular destination, where visitors can see sea turtles laying their eggs on the beach.
- River Cruising: Surinam’s rivers are a major part of the country’s ecosystem and cultural heritage. A river cruise is a great way to explore the country’s rivers and see local wildlife up close.
- Jungle Trekking: Surinam’s dense rainforests are perfect for trekking and exploring. The Brownsberg Nature Reserve is a popular destination for jungle treks, with its breathtaking views and diverse plant and animal life.
- Cultural Tours: Surinam is a melting pot of cultures, with influences from Africa, Asia, and Europe. Cultural tours are a great way to experience Surinam’s diverse traditions, including its food, music, and customs.
- Canopy Walks: Surinam’s canopy walks provide a unique and exhilarating experience, with visitors walking through the treetops of the rainforest. The Voltzberg Nature Reserve is a popular destination for canopy walks, with its impressive views and wildlife.
Whether you’re in the mood for a peaceful nature walk or an adrenaline-filled adventure, Surinam has something for everyone. So pack your bags, and get ready to explore this beautiful country!
Cities
If you are planning a trip to Surinam, exploring its cities must be on your must-visit list. Surinam is home to numerous bustling cities that boast a rich cultural heritage and enticing attractions.
Paramaribo, the capital city of Surinam, offers a unique blend of Dutch and Afro-Caribbean cultures. It features a host of beautifully preserved colonial-style buildings, most of which are concentrated in the central area called the Historic Inner City of Paramaribo. You can take a stroll down the palm-lined street of Waterkant, witness the vibrant markets at Central Market, and marvel at the beauty of the ornate wooden synagogue – Neveh Shalom.
Nieuw Nickerie, located on the western coast of Surinam, is another significant city known for its agriculture and fishing industries. The city is brimming with natural beauty, featuring a vast savannah area called ‘Bigi Pan’ and the breathtaking Hermitage Mall, which boasts an international shopping experience.
Other notable cities of Surinam include Albina, known for its proximity to French Guiana, and Moengo, a small town that serves as a hub for the country’s bauxite mining industry.
If you want to experience Surinam’s unique blend of cultures and vibrant atmosphere, exploring its cities is a must-do activity. Each city offers visitors something different and unique for a memorable travel experience.
The Most Beautiful Cities
Surinam is known for its natural beauty, but its cities can be equally as breathtaking. Here are three of the most beautiful cities in Surinam:
1. Paramaribo – The capital city of Surinam, Paramaribo, is a UNESCO World Heritage site with stunning Dutch Colonial architecture. The city is divided by the Suriname River, and visitors can take a riverboat tour to see the city from a unique perspective. Some of the must-see landmarks in Paramaribo include the ornate Cathedral of Saint Peter and Paul, the wooden Waterkant street, and the vibrant Central Market.
2. Nieuw Nickerie – Nieuw Nickerie, located in the western part of the country, is known for its stunning sunsets and laid-back vibe. Visitors to the city can enjoy long walks along the beach or take a boat tour of the Nickerie River to see the diverse wildlife. Be sure to check out the local market and try some of the fresh seafood on offer.
3. Groningen – Groningen is a picturesque city located in the northeast part of Surinam. It is known for its beautiful old buildings, lush greenery, and colorful gardens. Visitors can take a stroll through the city’s main square, the Sentro de Groningen, and admire the historic architecture or hike through the nearby Groningen Nature Reserve.
No matter which city you choose to visit in Surinam, you are bound to be amazed by the vibrant colors, friendly people, and unique atmosphere. So pack your bags and get ready for an unforgettable adventure in one of Surinam’s most beautiful cities.
Places to Visit
If you are planning a trip to Surinam, make sure to visit these top destinations that showcase the country’s stunning natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant culture:
Brownsberg Nature Park is a must-visit destination for nature enthusiasts. Located in central Surinam, the park is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including monkeys, toucans, and jaguars. Visitors can hike the park’s trails to experience its breathtaking scenery, which includes waterfalls, canyons, and stunning views of the surrounding rainforest.
Located on the northeastern coast of Surinam, the Galibi Nature Reserve is a protected nesting site for endangered sea turtles. Visitors can witness the turtles’ nesting and hatching process, which takes place from February to August every year. The reserve is also home to the indigenous Carib and Arawak communities, who offer cultural tours and handicrafts for visitors.
Fort Zeelandia is a historic landmark in Surinam that dates back to the Dutch colonial era. The fort was built in the 17th century to protect the country’s sugar plantations and has since been used as a military base, prison, and now a museum. Visitors can explore the fort’s exhibits and learn about Surinam’s complex history and cultural heritage.
The Central Market in Paramaribo is a bustling hub of activity that offers a glimpse into Surinam’s daily life and culture. The market features a wide variety of local produce, seafood, handicrafts, and clothing. Visitors can also sample Surinam’s delicious cuisine, such as bara, bakabana, and pom.
The Raleighvallen Nature Reserve is a remote wilderness area that is accessible by boat or small plane. The reserve is home to several indigenous communities, as well as rare species of monkeys, birds, and snakes. Visitors can hike the reserve’s trails, go birdwatching, or take a canoe trip down the Coppename River.
The Commewijne Plantation Loop is a scenic drive that takes visitors through Surinam’s former sugar plantations, which date back to the 17th century. Visitors can explore the plantations’ ruins, as well as explore the local communities and their unique cultural traditions. The loop also passes through several historic landmarks, including Fort Nieuw Amsterdam and the Jodensavanne Jewish settlement.
Peperpot Nature Park is a nature reserve that was once a working coffee and cocoa plantation. The park’s trails feature a mix of natural and historic landmarks, including a restored coffee factory, a birdwatching tower, and several lakes and ponds. Visitors can also observe howler monkeys, giant otters, and other wildlife species in their natural habitat.
The Maroon Communities in Surinam offer visitors an opportunity to experience the country’s unique Afro-Surinamese culture. The Maroons are descendants of escaped slaves who established their own communities in the country’s interior regions. Visitors can learn about the Maroon’s cultural traditions, such as their music, dance, and medicinal practices, and participate in cultural activities such as drumming and weaving.
The Bergendal Eco and Cultural River Resort is a luxury resort that offers visitors a unique combination of nature and culture experiences. The resort is located in the midst of the Surinam rainforest and is accessible by boat or helicopter. Visitors can relax in the resort’s lodges, go hiking or fishing, or learn about Surinam’s indigenous communities and their cultural traditions.
The Jules Wijdenbosch Bridge is a modern architectural marvel that spans across the Suriname River in Paramaribo. The bridge is one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world and offers stunning views of the city and the river. Visitors can take a walk or drive across the bridge, or simply relax and enjoy the view from one of the nearby cafes or restaurants.
Food and Drink
Surinam boasts a diverse culinary culture that blends the flavors of Dutch, Indian, Creole, and Javanese traditions. Food is at the center of many social gatherings, and dishes are often shared family-style. Here are two must-try dishes to experience the unique tastes of Surinamese cuisine:
Roti is a type of Indian flatbread that has become a staple in Surinam’s food scene. It’s typically served with curry chicken, potatoes, and a side of spicy sauce. The bread is made by kneading and rolling dough into thin circles and then cooking them on a tawah or griddle until they’re cooked through. This dish is not only delicious but also filling, making it a popular choice for many.
Pom is a Surinamese dish that originated from the Jewish community. It’s made by mixing shredded taro root with chicken or salted codfish and then baking it until it turns a golden brown. The dish is flavored with citrus juice, onions, and other spices like nutmeg and ginger. Pom is usually served with rice or bread and is an excellent choice for those looking for a hearty meal.
Other popular dishes in Surinam include barbecued chicken, fried rice, and peanut soup. Vegetarian options are also available, with meals like tofu curry and cassava soup. Don’t forget to try a refreshing glass of Surinamese ginger beer, which is a tangy, sweet drink made with ginger root, sugar, and lime.
If you’re interested in learning more about Surinam’s culinary culture, consider taking a food tour or cooking class. These experiences will give you an in-depth look at the ingredients and cooking techniques used in traditional Surinamese cuisine. You’ll get the chance to taste new foods and even learn how to prepare some dishes yourself. Some popular tours include visits to local markets and street food stalls, as well as home-cooked meals with a Surinamese family.
Surinam’s capital, Paramaribo, is home to many restaurants that serve local cuisine. Some of the best places to eat are Warung Swietie Sranang, a no-frills restaurant that specializes in roti, and De Gadri, a bar and restaurant that serves traditional Surinamese dishes like pom. Street food is also an excellent option, with vendors selling dishes like grilled chicken skewers and deep-fried pastries all around the city.
Flights
Getting to Surinam is relatively easy with several airlines offering flights to the country. Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport, located in Paramaribo, is the main gateway to Surinam. A few other airports in the country include Zorg en Hoop Airport and Moengo Airstrip. Here’s a look at the major airlines that offer flights to Surinam:
- Surinam Airways: The national airline of Surinam offers flights to several destinations in North and South America, including Miami, New York, and Amsterdam.
- KLM Royal Dutch Airlines: KLM, the flag carrier airline of the Netherlands, offers daily flights to Surinam from Amsterdam.
- Copa Airlines: This Panamanian airline offers connecting flights to Surinam from several cities in North, Central, and South America.
- Caribbean Airlines: This Trinidad and Tobago-based airline offers flights to Surinam from several Caribbean destinations, including Barbados and Trinidad.
several other airlines such as American Airlines, Delta Airlines, and United Airlines offer connecting flights to Surinam through their respective hubs. It’s best to check with your preferred airline for available routes and schedules.
When booking your flights, it’s important to note that Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport charges a departure tax of USD 37.50 for international flights and USD 15.50 for domestic flights. This fee is usually included in the ticket price, but it’s always best to confirm with the airline.
with several airlines offering flights to Surinam, it’s easy to get to the country and start exploring its unique culture and biodiversity.
Accommodation
When it comes to accommodation in Surinam, there are plenty of options available for every budget and preference. From luxurious hotels to cozy lodges, Surinam has it all. One of the most popular choices among visitors is the iconic Torarica Hotel, located in the heart of Paramaribo. The hotel offers a range of rooms and suites equipped with modern amenities and boasts a beautiful outdoor pool and spa.
For those looking for a more eco-friendly experience, Bergendal Eco & Cultural River Resort is a great option. The resort is located on the banks of the Suriname River and offers guests an immersive experience in nature, with activities such as hiking, kayaking, and birdwatching. The resort also has beautiful villas and lodges that blend seamlessly into the natural surroundings.
Another popular option is the Royal Torarica Hotel, which overlooks the Suriname River and offers guests a peaceful and luxurious retreat. The hotel has modern rooms and suites, a beautiful outdoor pool, and a range of dining options.
For those on a tighter budget, there are several budget-friendly options such as the Guesthouse Famiri, a cozy and welcoming guesthouse located in the heart of Paramaribo. The guesthouse offers affordable rooms with shared facilities and a welcoming atmosphere.
For a more off-the-beaten-path experience, the Kabalebo Nature Resort is a great choice. The resort is located in the heart of the rainforest and offers guests a unique opportunity to explore the natural wonders of Surinam. The resort has beautiful lodges that offer panoramic views of the rainforest and a range of activities such as birdwatching, hiking, and canoeing.
Surinam has a great range of accommodation options to suit every budget and preference. Whether you’re looking for a luxurious hotel or a cozy lodge in the heart of the rainforest, you’re sure to find the perfect place to stay in Surinam.
Surinam Through the Eyes of the World
Surinae is a small country in South America that has managed to captivate the hearts of many visitors. It has a unique charm and beauty that makes it stand out from other countries in the region. Here are some testimonials and experiences from people who have visited or lived in Surinam:
- “I have traveled all over South America, but Surinam was something special. The people are friendly and welcoming, the food is delicious, and the nature is breathtaking. I especially enjoyed hiking in the rainforest and swimming in the rivers. I can’t wait to go back!” – Maria, Argentina
- “Living in Surinam was an incredible experience. The culture is so rich and diverse, and I learned so much about the different ethnic groups that make up the country. The music, dance, and food are all amazing. I also appreciated the slower pace of life and the strong sense of community.” – Michael, USA
- “Surinam is a hidden gem. Not many people know about it, but those who do are rewarded with spectacular scenery and an authentic cultural experience. I particularly enjoyed visiting the historic plantations and learning about Surinam’s complex history. It’s a fascinating place that I would recommend to anyone.” – Laura, UK
These testimonials are just a few examples of the positive experiences that people have had in Surinam. Whether you’re interested in nature, culture, history, or simply enjoying the laid-back lifestyle, Surinam has something to offer. So why not see the country through your own eyes and create your own unforgettable experiences?