Panama

Panama is a country located in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest and Colombia to the southeast. It is known as the land bridge between North and South America, and its location provides breathtaking scenery, diverse ecosystems, and rich biodiversity.

The country boasts a population of over four million people, with Spanish being the official language. The country’s capital and largest city is Panama City, a cosmopolitan metropolis with impressive skyscrapers, cultural sights, and a bustling nightlife.

Panama has a rich history, with the indigenous peoples of Panama living on the land for centuries before Spanish colonization. In the centuries that followed, Panama was under various colonial rules until it gained independence in 1903. Today, Panama is a democratic republic with a rapidly growing economy anchored in the service sector and banking industries.

Traveling to Panama is easy, with direct flights available from major cities in North and South America. The country is a renowned tourist destination, with attractions ranging from tropical rainforests and natural reserves to white sand beaches and cultural landmarks.

This article is a comprehensive guide to Panama, providing you with information about its history, culture, politics, economy, ecology, geography, tourism, and more. So sit back, relax, and get ready to explore Panama through the eyes of this article.

Etymology

The name “Panama” has its origin in a word from an indigenous language, presumably from the Kuna language. The meaning of the word is not precisely known, but it’s said to mean “abundance of fish” or “place with many butterflies and other colorful creatures.” Another theory is that the word means “place of many trees” in an extinct indigenous language called Choco.

Another possible origin of the name Panama is from the Spanish language. The word “panama” means hat made of straw, and it was widely produced and worn in the country during colonial times. Some historians believe that the Spanish used the word to describe the country as a place of hat production and eventually adopted it as the name of the nation.

The earliest documentation of the name Panama dates back to the 16th century, when the Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa named a town on the Pacific Coast, “Panama.” The town eventually became a strategic, thriving city, known as Panama City, and it played a crucial role in the transcontinental trade routes of that era.

History

Panama has a rich history that dates back to pre-Columbian times. The indigenous people that inhabited Panama were the Cueva and Coclé tribes. In the 16th century, Panama was colonized by the Spanish, who used it as a trading hub for goods being transported between Spain and Peru.

During the colonial period, Panama grew prosperous due to its strategic location on the isthmus between North and South America. The construction of the Panama Canal began in the late 1800s, making the country even more important as a trading center.

Panama gained independence from Spain in 1821 and became a part of Colombia. However, tensions grew between Panama and Colombia, and in 1903, Panama declared independence. The United States supported Panama and helped negotiate a treaty with Colombia, which gave the United States control of the Panama Canal.

The 20th century was marked by political instability and military coups. General Omar Torrijos led a military coup in 1968 and ruled the country until his death in 1981. During his tenure, he implemented reforms and social programs that improved the lives of many Panamanians.

In 1989, the United States invaded Panama to remove General Manuel Noriega from power. The invasion resulted in the deaths of many civilians and soldiers, and Noriega was eventually captured and imprisoned in the United States.

Since then, Panama has made significant progress in political stability and economic development. In 1999, the country gained full control of the Panama Canal, which has been a major contributor to the country’s economic growth. Today, Panama is a thriving country with a rich history and a promising future.

Pre-Columbian

The pre-Columbian era in Panama dates back to around 11,000 BC. During this time, the region was inhabited by various indigenous tribes. The largest of these were the Kuna, Embera, and Wounaan tribes.

These indigenous tribes were skilled farmers who relied heavily on agriculture to sustain their communities. They grew crops such as maize, yucca, and beans. They also hunted and fished, with fishing being particularly important given the many water bodies in Panama.

The indigenous tribes of Panama were also skilled artisans, with many producing intricate textiles and ceramics. They also had a rich spiritual and cultural tradition, which saw them creating art, sculptures and architecture that reflected their beliefs and values.

Signs of their civilization still exist today, with petroglyphs and remnants of their dwellings scattered across Panama. Despite facing challenges from colonization and other external factors, many indigenous communities still survive in Panama today, with government support for their culture and way of life.

Spanish Colonial Era

During the Spanish colonial era, Panama played an important role as a center of trade and transit. Spanish ships sailed from Panama to transport gold and silver from the Inca and Aztec empires back to Europe. The route was known as the “Camino Real” or “Royal Road,” which connected Panama City to Portobelo on the Caribbean coast.

Panama was founded in 1519 by the Spanish conquistador, Pedro Arias de Avila. The city of Panama quickly became an important center for commerce and the gateway to South America. The discovery of gold in Peru and silver in Bolivia brought even more wealth to Panama, and the city became a hub for transporting treasure back to Spain.

In 1671, the Welsh pirate Henry Morgan led an attack on Panama City, burning it to the ground. The city was rebuilt in a new location a few miles away, and the ruins of the old city are now a popular tourist attraction. Despite the attack, Panama continued to thrive under Spanish rule.

The Spanish brought their language, customs, and architecture to Panama, which can still be seen today in the country’s churches, plazas, and mansions. The country also experienced a mixing of cultures, with Spanish colonizers intermarrying with the indigenous population, creating a mestizo culture.

Slavery was practiced in Panama during the colonial era, with Africans brought over to work as laborers on plantations and in mines. The Afro-Panamanian population is a testament to the legacy of slavery, and their culture is an important part of Panama’s cultural heritage.

In 1821, Panama gained independence from Spain as part of the newly formed Gran Colombia. However, Panama’s ties to Colombia were short-lived, and the country declared independence from Colombia in 1903 with the help of the United States.

The Spanish colonial era left a lasting imprint on Panama’s culture and identity, shaping the country into the diverse and vibrant nation it is today.

Independence and Modern Era

Panama’s struggle for independence from Spanish colonial rule began in November 1821 with a revolt in the city of Los Santos. While this initial attempt failed, it inspired other independence movements throughout the country.

In 1903, Panama declared independence from Colombia with the support of the United States, who were eager to build a canal through the country. The new government was heavily influenced by U.S. interests, leading to tension between the two countries.

Throughout the 20th century, Panama experienced several political upheavals, including military coups and dictatorships. In 1968, General Omar Torrijos seized power in a coup and established a socialist government. Torrijos implemented several social and economic reforms, including land redistribution and the nationalization of various industries.

However, Torrijos was killed in a plane crash in 1981, and his socialist policies were reversed by his successor, General Manuel Noriega. Noriega was later ousted by the U.S. in 1989, following years of tensions and accusations of drug trafficking.

Since then, Panama has transitioned to a democratic government, with a president and a multi-party system. The country has experienced a period of economic growth and has become a hub for international business and finance.

However, Panama still faces political challenges, including corruption and inequality. The country has also faced criticism for its role in facilitating tax evasion and money laundering.

Panama’s struggle for independence and modern political developments have shaped the country’s history and continue to influence its present.

Geology

Panama’s geology is unique due to its location as a land bridge between North and South America. It consists of three main geographic regions – the Central Mountain Range, the Caribbean Lowlands, and the Pacific Coastal Lowlands. The Central Mountain Range runs from east to west, with the highest peak being Volcan Baru at 3,474 meters.

The Caribbean Lowlands are characterized by the Caribbean Sea and consist of alluvial soils, low hills, and plains. The region has a tropical rainforest climate and is known for its lush vegetation, including mangroves, palms, and rubber trees. The area is also home to a diverse array of fauna, including monkeys, sloths, and jaguars.

The Pacific Coastal Lowlands are narrower than the Caribbean Lowlands and consist of fertile soils that have been formed from volcanic ash and lava. The area is dotted with coves and inlets and is home to a number of islands. The Pacific coastline is known for its many beaches and surf spots, attracting tourists from around the world.

Panama also has a number of active and dormant volcanoes, including Volcan Baru, which erupted 500 years ago. The volcanic activity has contributed to the formation of the country’s rich soil, which has fostered the growth of tropical crops such as bananas, coffee, and sugarcane.

The country is also home to a unique geological formation known as the Panama Canal, which has played a significant role in global trade. The canal was built across the Isthmus of Panama and connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It was completed in 1914 and has been expanded twice since then, making it one of the most important waterways in the world.

Panama’s geology is diverse and complex, shaped by its location as a land bridge between two continents and its volcanic activity. The country’s geological features have contributed to its rich biological diversity, thriving agriculture industry, and strategic importance in global trade.

Geography

Panama is a country located in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west and Colombia to the east. It is an isthmus, which means that it is a narrow strip of land that connects two larger landmasses. Panama’s strategic location has made it an important hub for international trade and commerce.

The country spans over 75,000 square kilometers and is divided into several regions. The interior of Panama is mostly mountainous, with the Cordillera Central mountain range running through the center of the country. The highest point in Panama is Volcán Barú, which stands at 3,475 meters.

The country is also home to a number of rivers, including the Chagres River, which is essential to the Panama Canal. The Panama Canal is a crucial shipping route that connects the Pacific Ocean to the Caribbean Sea.

Aside from the Cordillera Central mountain range, Panama is also home to several other mountain ranges, including the Serranía de Tabasará to the west, and the Serranía del Darién to the east. Despite its mountainous terrain, Panama also has a number of plains, such as the Azuero Peninsula and the San Blas Plains.

In terms of climate, Panama has a tropical climate with two distinct seasons. The dry season runs from December to April, while the rainy season lasts from May to November. The temperature in Panama is fairly consistent throughout the year, with average temperatures ranging from 24°C to 29°C.

Panama’s unique geography has made it an important location for international trade and commerce. Its mountainous terrain, rivers, and plains make it a diverse and interesting place to visit for those who love nature and the great outdoors.

Terrain

Panama’s terrain is incredibly diverse, with the country occupying the southernmost part of Central America. The country’s landscape is made up of mountains, plains, valleys, and beaches, all of which provide visitors with a variety of activities to enjoy.

One of the most prominent features of Panama’s terrain is its mountain ranges. The Cordillera Central runs through the country from east to west, separating the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. The highest point in Panama is the Volcan Baru, located in the western province of Chiriqui. Standing at 3,475 meters tall, it offers breathtaking views of both oceans.

The country also has several plains and plateaus, particularly in the eastern part of the country. The Azuero Peninsula is a flat, dry region that extends into the Pacific Ocean. The region is known for its cattle ranches and farms, and its narrow roads lead to coastal towns and beaches.

The Chiriqui province, on the other hand, is a fertile valley that is home to some of the country’s most productive plantations and farms. The province is famous for its coffee plantations, which produce some of the best coffee beans in the world.

Panama also has an extensive coastline, with beaches and coves on both the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. The Caribbean coast is known for its clear blue waters and white sandy beaches. Bocas del Toro, in particular, is a popular tourist destination that offers visitors a chance to relax, surf, and scuba dive.

The Pacific coast, on the other hand, is characterized by rocky cliffs and dark sands, but it’s just as beautiful as its Caribbean counterpart. The Pearl Islands are a group of islands located off the coast of Panama, and they offer some of the country’s most stunning beaches.

Panama’s terrain is incredibly diverse, from its jagged mountain peaks to sprawling plains and lovely beaches. The country’s varied landscapes offer plenty of activities for visitors to enjoy, from hiking and trekking to surfing, fishing, and beach lounging.

Water Bodies

Panama is blessed with a number of amazing water bodies, including rivers, lakes and oceans. The country is located between the Pacific Ocean to the south and the Caribbean Sea to the north, and is home to numerous rivers and several lakes.

The Panama Canal runs between the Pacific and Caribbean and serves as an important water body for transportation, allowing ships to travel between the two oceans. The canal has also served as a significant source of revenue for the country.

In addition to the canal, there are numerous other important rivers in Panama, including the Chagres River, which runs through the Soberania National Park, and the Santa Maria River, which serves as a natural border between Panama and Costa Rica. The Chiriqui Viejo River also serves as an important source of hydroelectricity for the country.

Lake Gatun, located in the middle of the Panama Canal, was created as a result of the canal’s construction and is one of the largest man-made lakes in the world. The lake provides a habitat for numerous species of wildlife, including monkeys, crocodiles and various bird species.

Panama’s coastline also offers numerous opportunities for water-based activities, including swimming, surfing, and fishing. Some of the popular beaches include Santa Catalina, Bocas del Toro and San Blas Islands.

The country’s oceans are home to diverse marine species, including fish, sea turtles, and sharks. The Coiba National Park, located off the coast of Panama, is one of the largest marine parks in the world and is home to a variety of marine life.

Panama’s numerous water bodies offer a host of opportunities for recreational activities as well as important resources for the country’s economy. Be sure to check out some of these amazing water bodies when visiting Panama.

Ecology

Panama is home to a diverse range of ecological features due to its unique location and diverse topography. From dense rainforests and mangroves to coral reefs and high-altitude grasslands, there is no shortage of natural wonders in Panama.

One of Panama’s most notable ecological features is the Panama Canal and the surrounding rainforests, which are home to an amazing array of wildlife, such as jaguars, sloths, and capuchin monkeys. Visitors can experience the lush natural environment by taking a guided boat tour through the Canal or hiking through the Soberania National Park.

Another important ecological feature in Panama is the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, the second-largest coral reef system in the world. This 1,000 kilometer-long reef is home to hundreds of species of fish, sea turtles, and other marine life. Visitors can scuba dive and snorkel in crystal-clear water to see colorful coral formations and exotic fish.

Panama’s high-altitude grasslands are another ecological feature that is unique to the country. The Mount Totumas Cloud Forest Reserve, located in the Chiriqui Province, is a prime example of this landscape. Home to a variety of species, such as quetzals, toucans, and howler monkeys, visitors can explore the area by hiking through the cloud forests or taking a bird-watching tour.

Panama’s mangrove swamps are an important ecological feature that supports diverse marine life and provide a buffer against natural disasters such as hurricanes and floods. There are many mangrove swamps throughout the country, including the Gulf of Montijo and Gulf of Panama.

Panama is also home to many other vital ecological features, such as rivers, lakes, wetlands, and national parks. Exploring these areas is an excellent way to connect with nature and learn more about the country’s rich ecological diversity.

Panama’s diverse ecological features demonstrate the importance of preserving and protecting the natural environment. By taking steps to conserve and respect the country’s natural resources, visitors can help ensure that future generations can continue to experience the beauty and wonder of Panama’s unique ecological features.

Biodiversity

The biodiversity of Panama is incredibly rich and diverse, with many unique species found nowhere else on earth. The country’s strategic location at the isthmus of America makes it a significant land bridge between North and South America, allowing for a mixing of flora and fauna from both regions.

Panama is home to over 10,000 plant species, with many rainforest areas known for their incredible variety and density. Some notable plants found in Panama include orchids, bromeliads, and ferns.

The animal kingdom in Panama is equally diverse, with over 1,000 bird species being recorded, making it one of the best birdwatching destinations in the world. Among the most famous bird species found in Panama are the harpy eagle, the resplendent quetzal, and the blue-crowned motmot.

In the jungles of Panama, one can find jaguars, pumas, tapirs, anteaters, and sloths, as well as monkeys such as howler monkeys, spider monkeys, and the endangered golden lion tamarin. The waters surrounding Panama are also teaming with life, including whales, dolphins, sea turtles, and various types of fish and other marine creatures.

One of the most unique features of Panama’s biodiversity is the presence of indigenous tribes who continue to live in harmony with nature. These tribes have retained extensive knowledge of the local flora and fauna, including the use of medicinal plants for healing and other purposes.

Unfortunately, much of Panama’s biodiversity is under threat due to deforestation, land use changes, and climate change. Many species are at risk of extinction, and conservation efforts are vital to protecting the country’s unique ecosystems and the species that inhabit them.

Efforts to protect Panama’s biodiversity include the establishment of national parks, such as the Soberanía National Park and the Darien National Park, which are home to a variety of species and ecosystems. there are several ongoing research projects aimed at documenting and understanding the complexities of Panama’s biodiversity.

Panama’s rich biodiversity is a significant asset to the country, making it a must-visit destination for nature lovers and scientists alike. While it faces threats from human activity and climate change, conservation efforts are essential in preserving this unique and diverse ecosystem for future generations to enjoy.

Climate

Panama’s climate is influenced by its location in Central America, as well as its varied topography. The country experiences a tropical climate, with temperatures generally hovering around 27 degrees Celsius throughout the year. Panama has two distinct seasons: the dry season and the wet season. From December to April, Panama experiences the dry season, which is characterized by lower humidity and less rainfall. The wet season, which lasts from May to November, is marked by more frequent rainfall, higher humidity, and a higher chance of thunderstorms.

The climate in Panama can vary depending on the region of the country. The Pacific coast tends to be drier and sunnier, while the Atlantic coast can be wetter and more humid. The interior of the country, including Panama City, has a more temperate climate due to its higher elevation.

One unique feature of Panama’s climate is the prevalence of microclimates. Due to its varied topography, Panama can have different weather patterns within very small distances. For example, the mountain town of Boquete is known for its cooler temperatures and frequent rainfall, while just a short drive away in David, the climate is much drier and sunnier.

Despite its tropical climate, Panama is not generally affected by hurricanes due to its location at the southern end of the hurricane belt. However, the country experiences occasional tropical storms and heavy rains, particularly during the wet season.

Panama’s climate is warm and humid, with distinct dry and wet seasons. While the weather can vary depending on the region of the country and even within small distances, visitors can generally expect a tropical climate with frequent rainfall and high humidity.

Environmental issues

Panama may be a small country, but it is home to a diverse range of ecosystems and wildlife, which makes it a popular tourist destination. However, its environmental issues cannot be ignored.

Deforestation in Panama is a major issue due to the demand for palm oil and construction. The country has lost about a quarter of its forests in the last few decades. This has led to a significant decline in biodiversity, as well as an increase in carbon emissions. The Panamanian government has been making efforts to combat deforestation by implementing stricter laws and regulations on logging and agriculture. non-profit organizations such as Rainforest Foundation US and the Panama Audubon Society have been actively working towards the conservation of forests.

Water pollution in Panama is also a significant concern. In urban areas, sewage treatment plants are inadequate, leading to untreated waste being released into water bodies. This has led to the contamination of rivers, lakes, and oceans, which has harmful effects on aquatic life and poses health risks to humans. NGOs like the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute have been making an effort to raise awareness about the issue and promote sustainable practices.

Another environmental issue in Panama is the depletion of marine resources due to overfishing and unsustainable practices. This has led to a decline in the population of some fish species and has disrupted marine ecosystems. The Panamanian government has implemented regulations on fishing practices to tackle this problem. NGOs like the MarViva Foundation have been working towards the conservation of marine resources in Panama.

Panama is currently facing a range of environmental issues due to human activities. However, there are efforts being made to combat these issues, both by the government as well as non-profit organizations. It is important to continue working towards conserving the environment in order to ensure the sustainability of the country’s beautiful ecosystems and diverse wildlife.

Politics

Panama is a presidential representative democratic republic, with the President of Panama as both the head of state and government. The country has a multi-party system, with the Democratic Revolutionary Party, the Panameñista Party, and the Democratic Change Party being the major political parties.

Politics in Panama have been characterized by political corruption and instability, with multiple incidents of political violence, the most recent being in 2019 when protests erupted in the capital city of Panama City. The protests were in response to allegations of corruption against the local government and concerns over rising debt levels, which sparked fears of a potential economic crisis.

There have been efforts to address political corruption in Panama, including through the establishment of anti-corruption agencies. One such agency is the Public Ministry, which was created in 1999 to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption and other crimes.

The political climate in Panama has also been influenced by the country’s relationship with the United States, which has historically played a major role in Panama’s politics and economy. The 1977 Torrijos-Carter Treaties allowed for the transfer of control of the Panama Canal from the US to Panama, but the US continues to have a significant presence in the country, with a number of military bases and diplomatic missions.

The current President of Panama is Laurentino Cortizo, who took office in July 2019 after winning the presidential election. Cortizo has promised to prioritize social programs and economic development, but he faces significant challenges, including the ongoing protests and the country’s high levels of inequality.

politics in Panama are complex and often fraught with challenges, including corruption, instability, and the country’s relationship with the United States. However, there have been positive efforts to address these issues, and the current government is working to prioritize social development and economic growth.

Economy

Panama’s service-based economy is the most competitive in the region, and it is characterized by the Panama Canal, shipping, banking, and tourism. According to the World Bank, Panama is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, with an average annual growth rate of 5.6% over the past decade. The country’s GDP in 2020 was estimated at $68.04 billion.

The Panama Canal is a vital source of income for the country, generating revenue from tolls and other services related to the operation of the canal. the canal provides a strategic location for global trade, making Panama an important hub for shipping and logistics.

The banking sector is another significant contributor to the economy, with about 90 international banks operating in the country. As of 2020, the banking sector accounted for about 7% of the country’s GDP and employed over 18,000 people.

Tourism is also a significant contributor to the economy, with the country’s natural beauty and cultural diversity attracting millions of visitors each year. The industry accounts for about 10% of the country’s GDP and employs over 200,000 people.

In recent years, the government has focused on diversifying the economy and promoting foreign investment. The Colon Free Zone, the second-largest free trade zone in the world, was established in 1948 and has played a vital role in attracting foreign investment. Other sectors that offer opportunities for investment include renewable energy, telecommunications, and real estate.

Panama’s economy is highly dependent on trade and foreign investment, which makes it vulnerable to external factors such as global economic conditions. However, the country’s government has implemented policies to ensure economic stability, such as maintaining a fixed exchange rate with the US dollar and investing in infrastructure projects to support economic growth.

Panama’s economy is well-positioned for continued growth and stability, with a strong focus on diversification and innovation.

Infrastructure

Infrastructure and Development in Panama are rapidly expanding, with the country investing heavily in transportation, telecommunications, and energy systems. Panama City has modern highways, bridges, and an extensive network of public transportation, including a metro system and a public bus system. Panama Canal expansion projects have made it possible for larger ships to pass through, increasing trade and commerce in the region.

The telecommunications sector in Panama has also seen significant growth in recent years, with the implementation of advanced 4G LTE networks and the expansion of fiber-optic networks. The country has one of the highest mobile phone penetration rates in Latin America, making it easier for a majority of the population to stay connected.

Panama’s energy sector has also undergone significant changes, with the addition of a new natural gas plant and increased use of renewable energy sources. The country has long been dependent on hydroelectric power, but efforts are now underway to diversify the energy mix.

In addition to transportation, telecommunications, and energy systems, Panama is also investing in other areas of infrastructure, such as housing, water, and sanitation systems. The government’s flagship program, “Techos de Esperanza” (Roofs of Hope), aims to provide affordable housing to families living in poverty. The country has also launched the “Agua Saludable” (Healthy Water) program, which seeks to improve water and sanitation systems in rural areas.

Foreign investment in infrastructure development has also been significant in Panama. Many multinational companies have invested in large-scale infrastructure projects, contributing to the overall growth and development of the country. Panama’s strategic location, as a gateway to Latin America and the Caribbean, makes it an attractive destination for investment in infrastructure.

However, despite significant progress, Panama still faces infrastructure-related challenges. There are still areas of the country with limited access to basic services like water and electricity. the country faces environmental challenges, with the need to balance development with conservation efforts.

Panama’s infrastructure development is on a positive trajectory, with the country investing heavily in transportation, telecommunications, and energy systems. Continued investment in infrastructure will play a vital role in sustaining economic growth and development in the years ahead.

Science and technology

Science and technology play a significant role in the development of Panama. The country has made great strides in modernizing its infrastructure, improving healthcare, and promoting scientific research. The government has shown its commitment to scientific advancement by investing in research and development programs.

Panama has made considerable progress in the field of biotechnology. The International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) is one of the leading research institutions in the country. The center works on various research projects focused on the development of medicine and innovative drug discovery, molecular biology, and biochemistry.

Panama also houses the City of Knowledge, a dynamic business and research community that encourages scientific and technological innovation. This hub brings together a diverse community of businesses, research institutions, and entrepreneurs working in fields such as biotechnology, health sciences, and environmental technology.

The country’s growing technology sector has drawn the attention of international investors. Several leading tech companies have already established their presence in Panama, offering cutting-edge services, products, and solutions. Panama has also launched its own information and communication technology (ICT) sector, which is committed to providing high-quality training and education.

In addition, Panama has made notable improvements in its healthcare sector through the adoption of the latest technologies and medical practices. One of the country’s primary healthcare providers, Caja de Seguro Social, has implemented a range of health information technology solutions that improve patient care quality and efficiency.

Furthermore, Panama actively promotes scientific research in the country. The government has established various research programs focused on environmental conservation, economic development, and healthcare, which aim to drive innovation and promote sustainable development.

The country has excellent research facilities, including the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), one of the world’s leading tropical research centers. Panama also collaborates with other countries on scientific projects and engages in cross-border research initiatives.

Panama is investing great efforts in modernizing and developing its science and technology sectors. By providing a supportive business and research environment, investing in cutting-edge technologies and infrastructure, and encouraging innovation and collaboration, Panama is poised to emerge as a major player in the field of science and technology.

Famous people

Panama has produced countless famous people across various fields such as sports, arts, politics, and entertainment. Let’s take a look at some of the most notable personalities in Panama’s history.

In sports, one of the most famous Panamanian athletes is Mariano Rivera, a former MLB pitcher who played for the New York Yankees and is considered one of the greatest closers of all time. Roberto Durán, a retired professional boxer, is also a renowned figure in the sports world. Known as “Manos de Piedra” (hands of stone), Durán won multiple world championships and is considered one of the best boxers of all time.

In the entertainment industry, Panamanians have made significant contributions to the world of music. Rubén Blades is a famous singer, songwriter, and actor who was inducted into the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2016. Another notable musician is Carlos Eleta Almarán, who composed the famous song “Historia de un Amor.”

Panama has also produced some prominent political figures, such as Arnulfo Arias, the three-time President of Panama, and Guillermo Endara, who became President after the 1989 U.S. invasion of Panama.

In the arts, Panamanian artist Guillermo Trujillo was known for his vibrant and colorful paintings, while the writer Rogelio Sinán was among the most important literary figures of the 20th century in Panama.

In the world of science, physicist Richard F. Heck was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2010 for his contributions to the development of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Another notable scientist is Dr. Alexis Picón, a biomedical engineer who contributed to the development of the artificial retina.

These are just a few examples of the many famous people who have come from Panama. Their achievements and contributions have made a significant impact in their respective fields and have helped put Panama on the map as a country with a rich and diverse cultural history.

Demographics

Panama is a country with a population of approximately 4.3 million people. The population is relatively young, with a median age of 29 years. The majority of the population resides in urban areas, with around 65% of the population living in metropolitan regions.

The ethnic groups in Panama are diverse, with several people of indigenous ancestry. The country has several ethnic groups, including Mestizos (mix of European and indigenous ancestry), Afro-Panamanians, and indigenous people. The largest ethnic group is Mestizo, accounting for 65% of the population, followed by Afro-Panamanians at 12%, and indigenous people at 8%.

The official language of Panama is Spanish, and it is spoken by the majority of the people in the country. There are also several indigenous languages spoken, including Ngobe Bugle, Kuna, and Embera. English is also widely spoken and is commonly used for business and tourism purposes.

The majority of the population in Panama is Roman Catholic, accounting for around 70% of the population. There are also several other religions practiced, including Protestantism and Buddhism.

Panama has a high literacy rate, with approximately 94% of the population being literate. The country has a strong educational system with several prestigious universities, including the University of Panama and the Technological University of Panama.

The country has a relatively low unemployment rate of around 5.5%. The economy in Panama has been growing in recent years, and there are several job opportunities in industries such as banking, tourism, and commerce.

Panama is a diverse country with a growing population and a strong educational system. The country’s ethnic makeup and language diversity add to its rich cultural heritage. The economy is growing, and job opportunities are available, making it an attractive destination for both tourists and professionals looking for work opportunities.

Ethnicities

Panama is a melting pot of various ethnic groups. The majority of Panama’s population belongs to the Mestizo ethnic group, which is a mixture of indigenous people and Spanish settlers. Indigenous groups such as the Kuna, Embera, and Ngobe-Bugle also contribute to the country’s diversity. African Panamanians comprise a significant minority, especially in the Caribbean provinces. there are small populations of Chinese, Indian, Arab, and Jewish Panamanians.

The Kuna people, who live primarily in the San Blas Islands, are known for their vibrant textiles and intricate beadwork. They have their own language and political structure, and have successfully maintained their autonomy while integrating with the rest of the country. The Embera people primarily live in the Darien province and are skilled in basket weaving and woodcarving. The Ngobe-Bugle people, who are the largest indigenous group in Panama, inhabit the western provinces and are known for their colorful dresses and silver jewelry.

African Panamanians primarily reside in the provinces of Colon and Bocas del Toro, which have strong Afro-Caribbean cultures. Many of these communities have developed their own unique dialects, religions, and musical styles, such as reggae and salsa. The Chinese community, which arrived in the late 19th century to work on the railway, has heavily influenced Panama’s culinary scene and economy. Many Chinese restaurants, supermarkets, and other businesses can be found throughout the country.

The Indian community is mainly comprised of Gujrati-speaking Sindhis who arrived in the 1960s and 70s to work in the banking sector. Arab Panamanians, primarily of Lebanese descent, have also made significant contributions to the country’s economy and cultural heritage. the Jewish community in Panama has a long history dating back to the 19th century.

Panama’s various ethnic groups have contributed to its vibrant culture and unique identity. Visitors to Panama can explore these different communities and gain a deeper appreciation for its diverse population.

Religion

Panama is a country that is well known for its diverse culture with various religious beliefs. The majority of the population follows Christianity, and it is the most practiced religion in Panama, while other religions such as Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism are also present.

Catholicism is the predominant religion in Panama, with around 65% of the population identifying as Catholics. The Catholic Church has a significant role in shaping the country’s culture, and many of the country’s festivals and traditions have Catholic roots. There are numerous churches in Panama, including the famous Panama Cathedral, which is situated in the Casco Viejo neighborhood.

Protestantism is the second-largest religion in Panama, with over 25% of the population practicing it. It gained prominence in the 19th century, and today there are various Protestant denominations present in the country, including Baptists, Methodists, Pentecostals, and Seventh-day Adventists, amongst others.

A small but significant percentage of Panamanians follow other religions, including Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism. There are also spiritual communities that follow indigenous beliefs in Panama. A small number of Panamanians are atheists or have no specific religious beliefs.

In Panama, the constitution guarantees religious freedom, and all religions are free to practice their faith without any restriction. The country celebrates various religious holidays, such as Christmas, Easter, and All Saints day, and many people take part in religious festivities throughout the year.

Panama is a country with a rich religious diversity that adds to its unique cultural tapestry. The government’s protection of religious freedom allows all religions to coexist peacefully in the country, providing a melting pot of varied beliefs and traditions.

Languages

Panama is a melting pot of different cultures, and the same is reflected in the language spoken here. The official language of Panama is Spanish, and nearly 93% of the population speaks it fluently. However, English is also widely spoken, especially in the business community and popular tourist areas.

Apart from Spanish and English, other languages spoken in Panama include Mandarin, Arabic, and Hebrew, reflecting the presence of different immigrant communities. Many indigenous communities also have their own languages, including Ngöbe and Buglé. These languages are spoken in addition to Spanish.

Panama is truly a diverse country, with a mix of different cultures and languages. Due to its geographical location as a gateway between North and South America, Panama has been a crossroads of various cultures for centuries. Many international visitors come to Panama and find it easy to communicate in English, especially in tourist areas. Thus, Panama’s cultural diversity is reflected not only through its languages but also through its food, architecture, and customs.

The Panamanian government recently recognized sign language as an official language used in Panama’s education and justice system for the deaf community. This has led to an increase in sign language classes at universities and schools in Panama, helping to increase communication and inclusiveness within the country.

while Spanish is the primary language spoken in Panama, the country is home to various immigrant communities and indigenous groups, resulting in a diverse mix of languages spoken here. English is also widely spoken, particularly in the tourism and business sectors, making it an easy destination for international visitors. Sign language has also been recognized as an official language in Panama, promoting inclusivity for the deaf community.

Health

Panama has a mixed public-private healthcare system, with both public and private hospitals and clinics throughout the country. The public system, administered by the Ministry of Health (MINSA), offers free or low-cost healthcare to all Panamanians and residents. Private healthcare, on the other hand, is generally more expensive but also more modern and technologically advanced.

Despite the availability of healthcare, Panama still struggles with some health issues. The most common diseases in the country are respiratory infections, followed by diarrheal diseases and influenza. The country also has a relatively high incidence of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. However, the government has implemented various initiatives to combat these diseases, such as expanding access to vaccinations and increasing public awareness campaigns.

In Panama City, you can find some of the most modern healthcare facilities in the country, including the Punta Pacifica Hospital, which is affiliated with the Johns Hopkins university in the United States. Other popular private hospitals include Hospital Nacional and Clinica Hospital San Fernando.

For travelers visiting Panama, it is recommended to have travel insurance and to take precautions such as drinking bottled water and being up-to-date on vaccinations. Medical care can be expensive if you are not covered by insurance, so it is essential to plan ahead and be prepared.

In terms of mental health, Panama still has a long way to go in terms of destigmatizing and providing resources for those struggling with mental health issues. Suicide rates in the country have increased in recent years, highlighting the need for more mental healthcare resources and awareness campaigns.

Panama’s healthcare system has both pros and cons. While there are modern facilities and access to care, there are also concerns about access to mental health resources and the high cost of private healthcare. However, the government has demonstrated a commitment to improving healthcare in the country, which is a positive sign for the future.

Culture

Panama’s unique and diverse cultural heritage is a reflection of its history and mix of ethnic groups. Its people are known for their hospitality and festive spirit. Music and dance are an integral part of Panama’s culture, and visitors are often drawn to popular traditional dances such as the tamborito and salsa.

Panamanian cuisine is a blend of Spanish, African, and indigenous influences. One of the most popular dishes is sancocho, a hearty beef or chicken stew made with yucca, plantains, corn, and other vegetables. Another traditional dish is arroz con pollo, which is a rice and chicken dish that incorporates saffron, onions, and peppers.

Panama also has a tradition of craftsmanship, with indigenous communities producing stunning woven baskets, textiles, and pottery. Visitors can browse local markets and shops for these unique and handmade souvenirs.

Religion is an important aspect of Panamanian culture, with Catholicism being the dominant religion. Many festivals and celebrations, such as Easter and Christmas, are based around church and religious traditions.

Another unique cultural aspect is the “pollera,” which is the national dress of Panama. The colorful attire, which is often embroidered with intricate designs, has become a symbol of national pride and identity.

Fiestas Patrias, or Independence Day, is a major celebration in Panama. Every November, the country comes together to commemorate its independence from Spain with parades, fireworks, and cultural festivities.

Panamanians are known for their warm and welcoming nature. It is common to greet someone with a friendly smile and handshake, and locals are often more than willing to share their culture and traditions with visitors.

Panama’s culture is a vibrant tapestry of traditions, customs, and celebrations that reflect the country’s rich history and diverse roots.

Activities to do

If you’re planning a trip to Panama, you might be wondering what activities you can enjoy while you’re there. Luckily, Panama offers a wide range of activities for every type of traveler. Here are some of the top activities to do in Panama:

1. Explore the Panama Canal: One of the most iconic landmarks in the world, the Panama Canal is a must-see when visiting Panama. You can take a tour of the canal, learn about its history and engineering, and even watch ships pass through the locks.

2. Visit the San Blas Islands: Made up of over 300 islands and islets, the San Blas Islands are a paradise for beach lovers and snorkelers. You can book a tour with a local guide to visit the islands and explore the coral reefs and marine life.

3. Hike in the rainforest: Panama is home to some of the most biodiverse rainforests in the world, and hiking through them is an unforgettable experience. You can hike to waterfalls, spot wildlife, and learn about the plants and trees of the forest.

4. Go birdwatching: With over 900 species of birds, Panama is a birdwatcher’s dream destination. You can visit national parks like Soberania and Pipeline Road to spot toucans, parrots, and other exotic birds.

5. Try traditional food: Panama has a rich culinary tradition, influenced by its indigenous, Spanish, and African roots. Be sure to try local dishes like sancocho (a hearty soup), ceviche (marinated seafood), and patacones (fried plantains).

6. Visit Panama City: Panama’s capital is a vibrant and cosmopolitan city, with a mix of modern skyscrapers and historic neighborhoods. You can wander through the old town of Casco Viejo, visit museums like the Biomuseo, or shop at the upscale mall of Multiplaza.

7. Go ziplining: For an adrenaline rush, you can zip through the rainforest canopy on a zipline tour. There are several locations around Panama that offer ziplining adventures, including Boquete and El Valle de Anton.

8. Explore Bocas del Toro: A group of islands located in the Caribbean Sea, Bocas del Toro is a popular destination for surfing, snorkeling, and partying. You can stay in a beachfront hostel, ride a bike around the islands, or take a boat tour to explore the archipelago.

9. Learn about indigenous cultures: Panama is home to several indigenous groups, including the Embera, Ngobe Bugle, and Kuna Yala. You can visit their villages, learn about their customs and traditions, and buy handmade crafts and souvenirs.

10. Relax at a spa: After all the adventure and exploration, you might want to unwind at a spa or resort. Panama has several options for luxury spas and wellness retreats, where you can indulge in massages, facials, and hydrotherapy treatments.

These are just a few of the top activities to do in Panama. Whether you’re seeking adventure, relaxation, or culture, Panama has something for everyone.

Cities

Panama is a country filled with many beautiful and unique cities. Here are a few major cities that are worth visiting:

Panama City

Panama City, the capital of Panama, is a modern and cosmopolitan city that is home to many exciting attractions. The city is known for its historic Casco Viejo district, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is filled with many historic buildings, shops, restaurants, and bars. Panama City is also home to the impressive Panama Canal, which is a must-see attraction for visitors to the city.

Colon

Colon is a port city located on the Caribbean coast of Panama. It is the second largest city in Panama and is known for its beautiful beaches, vibrant culture, and historic landmarks. Visitors to Colon can explore the colorful architecture of the city’s historic center, enjoy the stunning beauty of its beaches, or take a tour of the Panama Canal.

David

David is a vibrant and growing city located in the western part of Panama. The city is known for its beautiful parks, lively markets, and warm climate. Visitors to David can explore the city’s downtown area, which is home to a variety of shops, restaurants, and cafes, or take a trip to one of the many nearby natural attractions, such as the Boquete highlands or the Volcan Baru National Park.

Santiago

Santiago is a bustling city located in the center of Panama. It is known for its lively culture, friendly people, and historic landmarks. Visitors to Santiago can explore the city’s colonial architecture, visit the many museums and galleries in the area, or take a trip to one of the nearby natural attractions, such as the Santa Fe Natural Reserve or the Lake Bayano.

Chitre

Chitre is a picturesque town located in the heart of Panama. It is known for its beautiful colonial architecture, charming streets, and lively culture. Visitors to Chitre can explore the city’s many shops, restaurants, and cafes, or take a trip to one of the nearby beaches, such as Playa El Rompio or Playa Monagre.

City	Location	Description
Panama City	Central Panama	The capital city of Panama, known for its historic district, the Panama Canal, and cosmopolitan vibe.
Colon	Atlantic Coast	A busy port city with historic landmarks, beaches, and a vibrant culture.
David	Western Panama	A growing city with beautiful parks, shopping, and nearby natural attractions.
Santiago	Central Panama	A bustling city with colonial architecture, museums, galleries, and natural attractions nearby.
Chitre	Azuero Peninsula	A picturesque town with colonial architecture, streets, and nearby beaches.

Plan a trip to Panama and explore some of these amazing cities for yourself. Each one has something unique to offer and is sure to provide a memorable experience.

The Most Beautiful Cities

Panama City is the capital and largest city in Panama. It is a modern, cosmopolitan city with a skyline that is rivalled by few others in Central America. With an array of excellent restaurants, trendy bars, and luxurious hotels, it is a great place to visit. It is also home to the Panama Canal, one of the world’s engineering wonders.

Boquete is a small mountain town that is popular among retirees and expats. It is located in the western province of Chiriquí, and it is known for its coffee, stunning views, and natural hot springs. The area is surrounded by gorgeous lush green forests, and its lovely climate makes it a beautiful place to hike and explore.

Colon is one of Panama’s oldest cities. It is located on the Caribbean coast and is home to the Panama Canal’s Caribbean port. The town features beautiful colonial architecture, and it is known for its vibrant culture, with influences from the Afro-Caribbean community. Colon boasts lovely beaches, and visitors can enjoy activities like snorkelling and diving.

David is the capital of the Chiriquí province and is known for its vibrant culture and lively atmosphere. The town is a centre for commerce, and it is home to many excellent restaurants, hotels, and shops. It is also known for its beautiful architecture, with many traditional buildings standing tall and proud.

Las Tablas is a small town located in the Azuero Peninsula that is famous for its traditional Carnaval. It is also known for its stunning architecture, which features beautiful colonial-style buildings. The town’s historical centre is a must-visit, as is the nearby beach, Playa El Uverito.

Santa Fe is a small mountain town that is located near the Santa Fe National Park. The town is known for its beautiful forests, which are home to an array of wildlife. It is also known for its charming traditional architecture, with many of the buildings constructed from wood. Visitors can enjoy rafting, hiking, and birdwatching in the area.

Bocas del Toro is an archipelago located on the Caribbean coast of Panama. It is known for its stunning beaches, turquoise waters, and vibrant nightlife. Visitors can rent a boat to explore the surrounding islands or enjoy a wide range of water sports, including snorkelling, scuba diving, and surfing.

Panama has an array of stunning cities and towns that are well worth a visit. From the cosmopolitan hustle and bustle of Panama City to the tranquil serenity of Boquete, there is something for every kind of traveller in Panama.

Places to visit

Panama is a country that’s abundant with natural beauty, history, and culture. There are a plethora of places to visit within the country, each with its own unique charm and appeal. Here are some of the top places to visit in Panama:

1. Panama City: The capital city of Panama is a bustling metropolis that’s home to some of the country’s most popular tourist destinations, including the Panama Canal, Casco Viejo (the old city), and Punta Pacifica (a trendy neighborhood with a vibrant nightlife).
2. Bocas del Toro: This archipelago in the Caribbean Sea is a paradise for beach lovers and water sports enthusiasts. Visitors can enjoy activities such as surfing, snorkeling, and diving, or simply relax on one of the many pristine beaches.
3. San Blas Islands: These tropical islands are home to the Kuna people, an indigenous group with a rich and unique culture. Visitors can stay in traditional Kuna thatched-roof huts and enjoy the crystal-clear waters, palm-fringed beaches, and vibrant coral reefs.
4. Boquete: This charming mountain town is located in the Chiriquí Province and is known for its cool climate, coffee plantations, and scenic hiking trails. Visitors can take a tour of a coffee farm, go ziplining, or soak in the hot springs.
5. Coiba National Park: This UNESCO World Heritage site is located on the Coiba Island in the Pacific Ocean and is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna. Visitors can go on a guided tour of the park to see exotic animals such as howler monkeys, crocodiles, and sea turtles.

These are just a few of the many amazing places to visit in Panama. From tropical islands to bustling cities to mountain retreats, there is something for everyone in this beautiful country. Whether you’re interested in history, nature, or culture, Panama has it all. So pack your bags and get ready for an unforgettable adventure in this breathtaking Central American gem.

Food and Drink

Panama’s cuisine is a fusion of three distinctive cultural influences: Spanish, indigenous, and African. The country’s location connecting North and South America has also contributed to its diverse array of food and drink options. Here are some of the popular traditional food and drink options in Panama:

One of the most iconic dishes in Panama is sancocho, a hearty stew made with chicken, vegetables, and a variety of herbs and spices. Other popular soups include sopa borracha, which is made with chicken, beef or pork, and vegetables, and mondongo, a tripe soup.

Another beloved Panamanian dish is arroz con pollo, a one-pot meal consisting of rice, chicken, vegetables, and annatto seeds. Ropa vieja, a shredded beef dish cooked with vegetables, and ceviche, a marinated seafood dish, are also popular choices.

When it comes to beverages, chicha fuerte is a traditional fermented corn drink. Also popular is seco, a distilled spirit made from sugar cane juice, and chicheme, a sweet corn-based drink made with milk, cinnamon, and vanilla.

Panama is also famous for its coffee, which has rich flavor notes and is grown in the highlands of the country. Visitors can sample the coffee on coffee farm tours, where the beans are harvested and roasted on-site.

For those with a sweet tooth, tres leches cake is a must-try dessert. This cake is made with sponge cake soaked in three types of milk and topped with whipped cream. Hojaldres, a flaky pastry rolled in sugar, and torrejas, a sweet fried bread pudding, are also popular.

No matter what your palate, Panama has something to offer, with its blend of cultural influences and regional flavors leading to an array of delicious dishes and drinks.

Flights

Are you planning a trip to Panama? Here are some tips for finding the best flights to this beautiful country.

• Be flexible with your travel dates. Flights to Panama can vary dramatically in price depending on the time of year and day of the week you travel. Use a search engine that allows you to compare prices across a range of dates to find the best deal.
• Book early. As with most destinations, flights to Panama tend to be cheaper when booked well in advance. Keep an eye on prices over time, and when you see a good deal, don’t hesitate to book.
• Consider alternative airports. If you’re flying to Panama City, check flights to nearby airports like Tocumen International Airport or Albrook “Marcos A. Gelabert” International Airport. You may be able to find a cheaper ticket or a more convenient route.
• Buy a round-trip ticket. Many airlines offer better deals when you purchase your departure and return flight together. Be sure to check the price of both one-way and round-trip tickets when searching for the best deal.
• Join airline loyalty programs. You’ll often get discounts, priority boarding, and other perks by being a member of an airline’s loyalty program. If you plan to fly frequently, this can add up to significant savings over time.
• Use credit card rewards and airline miles. If you have a credit card that allows you to earn airline miles or points, consider using them to purchase your flight to Panama. This can be an excellent way to cut down on the cost of airfare.

By following these tips, you can find a great deal on a flight to Panama and enjoy all this amazing country has to offer.

Accommodation

Panama offers an array of accommodation options for visitors to choose from. Whether you are looking for a luxury hotel or budget-friendly hostel, Panama has something for everyone. Let’s take a closer look at some of the best accommodation options in Panama.

1. Luxury hotels: Panama City has a plethora of luxury hotels with world-class amenities and stunning views. The Waldorf Astoria Panama, Ritz-Carlton Panama, and Hotel Santa Maria are some of the top-rated luxury hotels in the city.

2. Eco-resorts: If you’re someone who loves to be in touch with nature, then Panama has plenty of eco-resorts to offer. The Isla Palenque resort located on a private island in the Gulf of Chiriqui is a popular choice among eco-travelers.

3. Budget-friendly hostels: Hostels are a great option for budget-conscious travelers. Casco Viejo, the historic quarter of Panama City, has plenty of hostels catering to backpackers. Luna’s Castle Hostel and Magnolia Inn are some of the top-rated hostels in Casco Viejo.

4. Vacation rentals: For those looking for a more homely feel, vacation rentals in Panama are a great option. Airbnb has a wide range of options across the country, from beachfront villas to apartments in the city.

5. Bed and breakfasts: Bed and breakfasts or B&Bs are becoming increasingly popular in Panama. Casa del Horno and Las Clementinas are some of the highly rated B&Bs in Panama City.

6. Boutique hotels: Boutique hotels in Panama offer a more personalized and intimate experience. The American Trade Hotel in Casco Viejo and the Boquete Tree Trek Eco Resort in Boquete are some of the top-rated boutique hotels in the country.

7. Glamping: Camping enthusiasts can enjoy glamping in Panama. Ancon Expeditions of Panama offers a unique glamping experience in the Soberania National Park.

Panama offers a wide range of accommodation options catering to every type of traveler. Whether you’re looking for a lavish and luxurious stay or an affordable yet comfortable accommodation, Panama has it all. It’s important to research and book well in advance to ensure you get the accommodation of your choice.

Panama through the eyes of the world

Travelers from around the world have described their experiences of Panama as an enchanting one. Being a melting pot of cultures and traditions, the country has something to offer for every type of traveler. While some tourists are captivated by the stunning natural beauty and vibrant nightlife, others are fascinated by the rich history and cultural heritage.

Foreigners often fall in love with the warm and welcoming nature of the locals, who are always happy to assist and guide them. The country’s diverse population adds to its charm, making it a perfect destination for those seeking a unique and authentic travel experience.

One of the most popular attractions in Panama is the Panama Canal, which has been hailed as an engineering marvel. Visitors from all over the world come to witness this impressive feat of human ingenuity and learn about its history.

The archipelago of Bocas del Toro is another favorite among tourists, with its crystal-clear waters, white sandy beaches, and plenty of adventure water sports to indulge in. Meanwhile, travelers looking for a secluded and serene retreat can head to the majestic mountain town of Boquete, nestled amidst verdant coffee plantations.

Panama City, the country’s capital, is a bustling metropolis that blends modernity with colonial-era charm. The iconic skyscrapers dotting the skyline are a testament to the country’s rapid economic growth, while the historic district of Casco Viejo is a UNESCO World Heritage site that still retains its colonial-era architecture.

Foodies are in for a treat in Panama, as the country’s vibrant food scene offers a diverse mix of flavors and cuisines. From traditional Panamanian dishes like sancocho and ceviche to international fare like sushi and pizza, there’s something to satiate every palate.

Panama is a country that offers a unique travel experience like no other. Foreigners have described it as a hidden gem that’s yet to be fully explored. With its stunning natural beauty, rich history, vibrant culture, and warm hospitality, it’s not hard to see why travelers from around the world continue to flock to this charming Central American country.