Bhutan, also known as the Land of the Thunder Dragon, is a small Himalayan kingdom located in South Asia. Despite its small size, Bhutan is famous for its pristine natural environment, unique cultural traditions, and progressive policies on environmental conservation, sustainable development, and gross national happiness.
The nation’s name is derived from the Sanskrit term “Bhu-utan,” which means “Highlands of the Earth.” Bhutan shares borders with China to the north and India to the south, east, and west. The country’s terrain is rugged and mountainous, with peaks that soar over 7,000 meters (23,000 feet) and steep valleys that are home to fast-flowing rivers.
Bhutan’s pristine ecological diversity ranges from sub-tropical to alpine zones, encompassing an array of flora and fauna that is unique to the region. Bhutan has a number of national parks and protected areas that preserve this biodiversity, including the famous Takin, the national animal of Bhutan.
Bhutan has a rich cultural heritage that is deeply rooted in Buddhism. The country is home to beautiful ancient temples and monasteries, vibrant festivals, and a distinct national dress code, which includes the traditional Bhutanese garment, called a “gho” for men, and a “kira” for women. The Bhutanese are known for their hospitality and love of celebration, which is evident in the many cultural events that take place throughout the year.
Bhutan’s economy is primarily based on agriculture, forestry, and eco-tourism. The country’s government has a unique development approach that emphasizes the balance between economic growth, cultural preservation, and environmental conservation. The Gross National Happiness (GNH) metric is one of the most famous examples of this philosophy, which focuses on the wellbeing of the Bhutanese people and the preservation of their culture and environment.
Travelers to Bhutan can expect to enter a world of natural beauty, cultural fascination, and progressive policies that are unique in the world.
Etymology
Bhutan, officially known as the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a small landlocked country in South Asia. The origin of the country’s name is not clear, but there are a few theories. One theory is that the name Bhutan comes from the Sanskrit word “Bhotanta,” which means the end of Tibet. Another theory suggests that the name comes from the Tibetan word “Bhutan,” meaning highlands. Bhutan is also known as Drukyul, the Land of the Thunder Dragon, which refers to the country’s cultural and religious identity.
The name Bhutan has undergone some changes over the centuries. In the 17th century, the country was known as Lhomon Khashig, meaning the Southern Valley of Medicinal Herbs. In the 18th century, the country was unified under the name of Bhutan and has remained so since.
The country’s name also has a symbolic significance. Bhutan is located on the Himalayas, and the word “Bhu” means earth or land, while “tan” means to stretch or extend. Therefore, Bhutan can be interpreted as the Land of the Himalayan Mountains, reflecting the country’s natural beauty and breathtaking landscapes.
The emblem of the Kingdom of Bhutan also has a symbolic meaning. The emblem features a druk (dragon), symbolizing the nation, holding four jewels that represent the wealth, prosperity, and health of the people. Above the dragon, there is a lotus flower, which represents purity, and a jewel within the petals symbolizes the state of enlightenment that the country’s people strive for.
Bhutan has a unique and fascinating history behind its name and emblem. The various theories and interpretations of the name and emblem reflect the country’s rich cultural and natural heritage.
History
Bhutan’s history spans back centuries, with a rich cultural heritage of its own. It has seen the rise and fall of various kingdoms, as well as foreign invaders. However, through it all, Bhutan managed to retain its distinct identity and preserve its heritage.
Bhutan’s political evolution can be traced back to the 17th century, with the country unifying under the leadership of Ngawang Namgyal, who became the first Druk Gyalpo or “Dragon King”. The monarchy has since continued up to the present day.
Over the centuries, Bhutan has also had various encounters with foreign rulers. One of the most significant of these was with the British Empire in the mid-19th century, which led to the signing of the Treaty of Sinchula in 1865. The treaty established Bhutan as a British protectorate and allowed for the expansion of trade between Bhutan and British India.
In the 20th century, Bhutan started on a path of modernization and development, with the Third Druk Gyalpo, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, implementing a series of reforms. These included abolishing serfdom, introducing the National Assembly, and instituting a legal code and judicial system.
However, it was the Fourth Druk Gyalpo, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who made some of the most significant contributions to Bhutan’s modernization. He embraced the principles of Gross National Happiness, focused on environmental conservation, and initiated the drafting of a new constitution, which was adopted in 2008.
Bhutan’s cultural heritage is just as rich as its political history. The country is known for its unique architecture, which incorporates intricate woodwork, colorful paintings, and religious imagery. Bhutanese arts and crafts are equally remarkable, with traditional forms, such as weaving, painting, and sculpture, still thriving.
Bhutan’s religious traditions are predominantly Buddhist, with the Ngalop ethnicity following the Drukpa Kagyu lineage of Buddhism and the Sarchop ethnicity following the Nyingma lineage. However, Bhutan is also home to other religions, such as Hinduism and Bon.
Bhutan’s history is a fascinating combination of political change and cultural evolution. The country’s relentless efforts to preserve its heritage and adopt modernization in a balanced manner make it a unique place to explore and learn from today.
Geology
Bhutan’s geologic formations have been shaped by millions of years of tectonic activity, volcanic eruptions, and erosion caused by water and glaciers. The country is located in the eastern Himalayas, where the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates collided, leading to the formation of the world’s highest mountain range.
The mountainous terrain of Bhutan is largely composed of complex rock formations, including granite, gneiss, shale, quartzite, limestone, and sandstone. These formations vary in age, with some as old as 3.5 billion years. One of the most iconic geological features in Bhutan is the Paro Chu river valley, which is flanked by towering cliffs made of layered sedimentary rocks.
The country is also home to several active and extinct volcanoes, some of which are believed to be over 10 million years old. The most prominent of these is the Bumthang Valley, located in central Bhutan, which is believed to have been formed by volcanic activity in the prehistoric era.
Aside from mountains and volcanoes, Bhutan’s geology also includes a number of unique and impressive natural wonders. The Punakha Dzong fortress, for example, is situated at the confluence of the Mo Chu and Pho Chu rivers. The stunning Taktsang Monastery (also known as the Tiger’s Nest) is perched on a cliff 900 meters above the Paro Valley and is one of the most famous landmarks in the country.
Bhutan’s geology has played a significant role in shaping the country’s cultural identity and traditions. Many of the country’s ancient monasteries, fortresses, and temples were built on rocky outcrops and mountainous terrain, and are regarded as some of the greatest architectural achievements in the world. The intricate carvings and paintings found in these structures are a testament to the skill and creativity of Bhutan’s artisans over the centuries.
The country’s unique geology has also given rise to a diverse range of flora and fauna. Bhutan is home to thousands of different plant and animal species, many of which are endemic to the region. The country’s rich biodiversity is often credited to the wide range of habitats and microclimates created by the varied terrain and geology.
Bhutan’s geology is a fascinating and integral part of the country’s landscape, history, and culture. Its complex geological formations have helped to create some of the world’s most iconic landmarks, and have played a key role in shaping the country’s unique identity and rich biodiversity.
Geography
Bhutan is a small country located in South Asia and is bordered by India to the south, east, and west, and China to the north. The country’s geography is characterized by its rugged terrain, with the Himalayas dominating most of the landscape. It has a total area of 38,394 square kilometers (14,824 square miles), making it roughly the size of Switzerland.
Bhutan’s terrain is incredibly diverse, and it ranges from subtropical plains in the south, to the high Himalayas in the north. The country is a landlocked nation, with no direct access to the sea, and it is separated from Bangladesh by a thin strip of Indian territory.
The entire country is considered to be mountainous, with the Himalayas taking up most of its northern region. The highest point in Bhutan is Gangkhar Puensum, which stands at 7,570 meters (24,836 feet) and is the world’s highest unclimbed peak.
The country’s southern region, on the other hand, is characterized by fertile plains and valleys that are suitable for agriculture. The Punakha valley, for example, is known for its lush paddy fields and picturesque vistas. The Paro valley, located in the west, is home to many of Bhutan’s ancient monasteries and temples.
The country also boasts a number of natural landmarks, some of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These include the Jigme Dorji National Park, which covers an area of 4,349 square kilometers (1,677 square miles) and is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, as well as the Sacred Sites associated with Phajo Drugom Zhigpo and his descendants, located in the central part of the country.
Bhutan’s geography is diverse, with mountainous terrain dominating most of its landscape. It also has fertile valleys and plains that are suitable for agriculture, and a number of natural landmarks that are worth visiting.
Ecology
Bhutan is a country that takes immense pride in its ecological diversity and sustainability initiatives. Located in the eastern Himalayas, Bhutan is home to a wide range of flora and fauna, with over 70% of its land area covered in forests. In fact, it has been declared as a carbon-negative country, which means that it absorbs more carbon than it emits. This is mainly due to Bhutan’s dedication to preserving its natural environment.
The country’s constitution mandates that at least 60% of the land area should remain under forest cover at all times. It also requires that Bhutanese citizens should protect the natural environment and be mindful of their carbon footprint. The country has been successful in achieving this target by implementing various sustainability initiatives such as community forestry, zero-waste policies, and organic farming practices.
Bhutan is known for its unique ecosystem, which supports a variety of endangered species. It is home to over 770 species of birds, including the endangered black-necked crane, which is also the national bird of Bhutan. Snow leopards, tigers, and elephants are some of the other endangered species that are found in Bhutan.
One of the most prominent environmental conservation initiatives in Bhutan is the creation of national parks and wildlife reserves. These protected areas help preserve the diverse flora and fauna of the country and promote ecotourism. Bhutanese people are fiercely proud of their natural heritage and are committed to preserving it for future generations.
Another interesting aspect of Bhutan’s ecological niche is its focus on organic agriculture. The government encourages farmers to adopt traditional farming practices that avoid the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. As a result, the country’s agricultural produce is largely organic, making it a popular destination for health-conscious travelers and foodies.
Bhutan is a country that prioritizes ecological sustainability and is dedicated to preserving its natural environment. Its unique ecosystem, diverse flora and fauna, and commitment to sustainable development make it a model for other countries to follow.
Biodiversity
Bhutan is one of the world’s most biodiverse countries, with a vast array of flora and fauna. The country is home to over 5,000 species of plants and more than 165 species of mammals. Bhutan houses over 770 species of birds, 200 species of reptiles and amphibians, and 85 species of freshwater fish.
One of Bhutan’s most well-known species is the majestic Bengal tiger, which roams the country’s dense subtropical forests. Other large mammals include the Asiatic elephant, the one-horned rhinoceros, and the gaur, all of which can be found in Bhutan’s southern regions.
In the north, Bhutan’s high-altitude forests host rare species such as the snow leopard, the Himalayan black bear, and the red panda. The country is also known for its prominently displayed national animal, the takin, a large bovid that can be found grazing in the alpine meadows.
The forests and rivers of Bhutan are home to a variety of unique and indigenous plant species. Bhutan’s fertile soil and diverse climate create ideal conditions for a wide range of plants, including medicinal herbs. The country boasts an impressive array of orchids, bromeliads, and rhododendrons.
In order to protect its unique flora and fauna, Bhutan has established national parks and conservation areas. These protected areas cover around 42% of Bhutan’s land area. The country’s conservation policy, known as “high-value, low-impact,” seeks to preserve the country’s natural heritage while promoting sustainable development.
Tourists can explore Bhutan’s biodiversity through a range of activities such as hiking, trekking, and wildlife safaris. However, it is important to remember that Bhutan’s diverse ecosystems are fragile, and visitors are encouraged to practice responsible tourism.
Bhutan’s incredible biodiversity is a testament to the country’s commitment to preserving its natural heritage. With its lush forests, diverse animal life, and unique plant species, Bhutan is truly a nature lover’s paradise.
Climate
Bhutan is a country of diverse topography and climates. The climate in Bhutan varies depending on its altitude and geographic location. Bhutan is divided into three distinct climate zones – subtropical in the south, temperate in central Bhutan, and cold alpine in the north. The subtropical zone has a hot and humid climate with temperatures ranging from 15 to 30 degrees Celsius. The monsoon season starts from June and lasts till September, with heavy rainfall and occasional flooding.
Central Bhutan has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. The temperature ranges from 10 to 20 degrees Celsius in summer, and during winter, the temperature can reach below freezing. The rainy season lasts from June to September, with occasional thunderstorms. The best time to visit central Bhutan is during spring or autumn when the temperature is mild and the sky is clear.
The northern part of Bhutan is cold and alpine, with an average temperature below freezing. The temperature here ranges from -5 to 10 degrees Celsius in summer, and during winter, it can drop to as low as -25 degrees Celsius. The northern part of Bhutan remains under a thick layer of snow throughout the year. The best time to visit northern Bhutan is in the summer months, when the temperature is milder and the snow melts, revealing the beautiful mountains and valleys.
Bhutan experiences a diverse range of weather patterns throughout the year due to its geographic location. The climate patterns change dramatically from one valley to another, making Bhutan a unique place to visit. The country has been historically prone to natural disasters, including landslides, flash floods, and earthquakes, due to its topography and geologic instability. However, the country has taken steps to address these threats through various policies and initiatives, such as establishing a disaster management agency and implementing afforestation programs.
Bhutan’s climate is diverse and varies significantly based on altitude and geographic location. Tourists are advised to be mindful of weather patterns in the region they plan to visit and pack accordingly. The country experiences natural calamities, but the government has taken necessary precautions, making it safe for tourists to visit year-round.
Environmental Issues
Bhutan, with its pristine natural beauty and unique ecological characteristics, faces several environmental challenges that threaten its sustainability. The country’s fragile ecosystem is threatened by human activities such as deforestation, grazing, and agricultural expansion. These activities have resulted in the degradation of critical watersheds, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity.
Despite these challenges, Bhutan has undertaken several conservation initiatives to protect its natural resources and mitigate the impact of climate change. The country’s constitution mandates maintaining a minimum of 60 percent forest cover, and the government has implemented policies to promote sustainable forestry practices and reduce deforestation. Bhutan also generates over 70 percent of its energy from hydropower, a renewable energy source that helps reduce the country’s carbon footprint.
In addition, Bhutan has established several national parks and protected areas to preserve its rich biodiversity. The government has implemented programs to protect endangered species such as the snow leopard, Bengal tiger, and black-necked crane. The country also promotes sustainable tourism practices that contribute to conservation efforts while providing economic benefits to local communities.
However, despite these efforts, Bhutan still faces environmental challenges such as climate change, unsustainable land use practices, and illegal wildlife trade. These challenges require a collaborative effort from the government, local communities, and international organizations to promote sustainable development practices and protect Bhutan’s natural resources.
In response to these challenges, Bhutan has partnered with international organizations such as the United Nations and World Wildlife Fund to implement conservation programs and promote sustainable development practices. The country has also established research institutions such as the Royal Society for Protection of Nature to monitor environmental changes and promote scientific research on sustainable development.
Bhutan’s unique ecological characteristics and commitment to sustainable development make it a global leader in conservation efforts. While the country faces several environmental challenges, it remains committed to protecting its natural resources and fostering a sustainable future for both its people and the planet.
Politics
Bhutan’s political system is a unique blend of democracy and monarchy, known as a constitutional monarchy. The King of Bhutan is the head of state, and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The current King of Bhutan, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, succeeded the throne in 2006.
The Bhutanese Parliament consists of two houses: the National Assembly and the National Council. The National Assembly, also known as the lower house, comprises 47 members who are elected by a direct vote for a term of five years. The National Council, also known as the upper house, comprises 25 members. Twenty members are elected by the people, while the remaining five are nominated by the King.
The judiciary system of Bhutan is independent of the legislative and executive branches. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the country. The Constitution of Bhutan provides for fundamental human rights, and a number of independent institutions have been established to ensure their protection.
The constitution guarantees media freedom, and there are several newspapers, radio stations, and television channels operating in the country. However, the government maintains some control over the media and has been known to censor certain content that it deems inappropriate.
Bhutan has a small and efficient bureaucracy. The Civil Service Commission is responsible for recruiting, training, and evaluating civil servants. The government has placed a special emphasis on the importance of integrity, honesty, and efficiency in the civil service.
Bhutan’s foreign policy is guided by the principles of non-alignment and maintaining its sovereignty. Bhutan has diplomatic relations with 53 countries, including India, the United States, and China. India has been a close and important ally of Bhutan since the country’s independence.
Bhutan’s political system is unique and reflects the country’s commitment to democracy and monarchy. The government places a strong emphasis on integrity, efficiency, and protecting fundamental human rights. Bhutan maintains close relations with India, the United States, and China, and has assertively pursued a policy of non-alignment while maintaining its sovereignty.
Economy
Bhutan’s economy is unique compared to many other countries. It has been traditionally based on agriculture, forestry, and livestock. However, recent years have seen Bhutan’s economy diversify. With tourism becoming a major contributor to the economy, Bhutan has rapidly modernized and opened up to foreign investment.
The Bhutanese economy has rapidly grown over the past few decades, thanks to the government’s efforts to modernize the country’s infrastructure and alleviate poverty. Between 2000 and 2016, Bhutan’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has risen from $415 million to $2.7 billion.
The government’s economic policies are focused on achieving self-sufficiency and reducing poverty. One of the key policies is Gross National Happiness (GNH), which is Bhutan’s version of a welfare state. It measures progress in terms of spiritual, cultural, and environmental factors, rather than just economic development.
Bhutan’s major industries include tourism, hydropower, and agriculture. Bhutan has vast potential for tourism and has succeeded in developing a sustainable and eco-friendly tourism industry. The government’s target is to have 100,000 high-value tourists visiting Bhutan per year. Hydropower, which is one of the country’s significant exports, has also become a crucial contributor to the economy.
Agriculture is still the country’s backbone and approximately 53% of the population is engaged in farming. The country’s diverse terrain and microclimates allow for a variety of produce, including rice, maize, wheat, and fruits like apples, apricots, and oranges. The agricultural industry has been improving over the years with the government’s implementation of irrigation facilities, better farming practices, and market-oriented policies.
Bhutan’s major trading partners are India, Bangladesh, and Japan. India accounts for over 80% of Bhutan’s total trade, followed by Bangladesh and Japan. Bhutan imports commodities such as machinery and equipment, vehicles, electrical goods, fabrics, and grains. Simultaneously, its exports primarily comprise hydropower, agricultural produce, timber, minerals, and handicrafts.
Bhutan’s economy has been growing at an average rate of 7.5% over the past five years, making it one of the fastest-growing economies in the world1. The government aims to develop the country’s private sector further and foster entrepreneurship, creating an enabling environment for businesses to start and grow.
Bhutan’s economy is poised for steady growth, provided that the sustainable development policies and environmental conservation measures remain the top priorities. While agriculture remains the mainstay of Bhutan’s economy, the government’s focus on tourism, hydropower, and foreign investment will spur the country’s economic growth and development.
Infrastructure
Bhutan, a small Himalayan kingdom, has made steady progress in enhancing its infrastructure to support its growing economy and population. The country’s transportation, communication, and utility infrastructure have improved significantly in recent years, reflecting the government’s commitment to ensure sustainable development and provide better services to its citizens.
Bhutan has a basic road network covering around 14,000 kilometers, with approximately 60% of them being paved, and the rest are dirt roads suitable for two-wheel drive vehicles. The country has only one international airport, Paro International Airport, which is known for its challenging landing approach between the Himalayan Mountains. However, the airport has successfully catered to increasing air traffic, especially in the tourism sector, which is one of the country’s main sources of revenue.
The government is investing in upgrading and expanding roadways and building new bridges and tunnels to connect remote areas to the main network. In addition, several domestic airports are under construction to enhance regional connectivity and promote tourism and trade.
Communication networks in Bhutan have seen remarkable growth in recent years, with widespread access to mobile phones and internet services. The country has three major telecom operators: Bhutan Telecom, TashiCell, and B-Mobile, which provide 2G, 3G, and 4G networks throughout the country. Internet services are mainly provided through broadband, ADSL, and 4G/LTE technology, and Wi-Fi connectivity is available in most hotels, restaurants, and public places.
As Bhutan is a mountainous country with limited resources, its utility infrastructure mainly relies on hydropower generation. The country has an installed capacity of around 1,600 MW of electricity, and its target is to achieve 10,000 MW by 2025 through various hydroelectric projects. With its focus on green energy, Bhutan is recognized for exporting clean energy to neighboring countries, such as India and Bangladesh.
The government has also implemented measures to provide clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities across the country. It has initiated several water supply and sanitation projects and aims to provide access to safe drinking water and sanitation to all Bhutanese by 2023.
Bhutan’s infrastructure has come a long way in a short period, and the country is making continuous efforts to further enhance and improve its infrastructure. With its focus on sustainable development, Bhutan aims to provide efficient and modern infrastructure to ensure the well-being and prosperity of its people.
Science and Technology
Bhutan may be a small country, but it has come a long way in terms of its advancements in science and technology. Despite their conservative approach to development, Bhutan has still managed to make significant strides in these fields.
One of Bhutan’s most notable achievements in science and technology is the launch of Bhutan’s first satellite in 2018. The satellite, named Bhutan-1, was developed in Japan and launched into space by SpaceX. This was a significant step towards establishing Bhutan’s presence in the global tech community.
Aside from the launch of their first satellite, Bhutan has also made significant progress in the areas of renewable energy and environmental conservation. The country has set a goal to become completely carbon neutral by 2030 and has invested heavily in hydroelectricity, wind energy, and solar power.
Furthermore, Bhutan has made significant progress in the development of their telecommunications industry. In the early 2000s, mobile phones were rare and expensive in Bhutan. However, through strategic partnerships with companies such as TashiCell and Bhutan Telecom, mobile phone usage has become widespread in the country and the internet is readily accessible.
In terms of education, Bhutan has also developed a strong foundation in science and technology. The country has several institutes of higher education that offer courses in these fields, including the Royal University of Bhutan and the College of Science and Technology.
Bhutan has been making significant strides in the field of biotechnology. The country has a vast collection of medicinal plants that have been used for centuries in traditional medicine. By harnessing the active compounds in these plants, Bhutan has the potential to develop new and innovative pharmaceutical products.
Bhutan may be a small country, but it has made significant strides in the fields of science and technology. Whether it be through their advancements in renewable energy, telecommunications, or biotechnology, Bhutan has proven that they are capable of achieving great things in these fields. As the country continues to develop, it will be exciting to see what new frontiers they will explore in science and technology.
Famous People
Bhutan, also known as the “Land of the Thunder Dragon,” has produced numerous notable personalities in history, arts, and culture. From pioneering kings and revered spiritual leaders to accomplished artists and writers, Bhutan boasts a rich and diverse heritage. Here are some of the most famous people from Bhutan:
– Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck: The current king of Bhutan, who ascended to the throne in 2006, is highly respected by the Bhutanese people for his leadership, modernization efforts, and commitment to preserving the country’s unique identity and culture.
– Padmasambhava: A legendary Buddhist master who lived in the 8th century and played a pivotal role in spreading Buddhism across Bhutan and the Himalayan region. He is revered as a fierce protector and spiritual guide in Bhutanese culture.
– Choden: A prolific writer and pioneer of modern Bhutanese literature, Choden’s works are known for their frankness, humor, and insight into the social and cultural norms of Bhutan.
– Ashi Kesang Choden Tashi: A respected conservationist and scholar, Ashi Kesang Choden Tashi is credited with spearheading Bhutan’s efforts to preserve its rich biodiversity and promote sustainable development.
– Tshering Dorji: A Bhutanese artist known for his intricate and colorful thangka paintings, which depict Buddhist deities and scenes from Bhutanese folklore.
– Dasho Keiji Nishioka: A Japanese engineer who played a crucial role in constructing Bhutan’s iconic Punakha Suspension Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in the country.
– Drukpa Kunley: A legendary Buddhist monk who lived in the 15th century and is known for his unconventional teachings, witty humor, and eccentric behavior. He is considered a patron saint of Bhutanese culture and revered by many.
– Yeshey Dorji: A Bhutanese architect and urban planner who has designed numerous iconic buildings in Bhutan, including the Thimphu Clock Tower and the Paro International Airport.
These are just a few of the many notable personalities from Bhutan who have contributed to the country’s rich and vibrant culture. Whether through their leadership, creativity, or spiritual guidance, they continue to inspire and shape the identity of Bhutan and its people.
Demographics
Bhutan is a small country with a population of approximately 750,000 according to the Bhutanese Census of 2017. The country is divided into 20 districts, each with its own administrative centers. The population density of Bhutan is quite low, at only 20 people per km² due to the country’s rugged terrain and difficult geographical features.
The Bhutanese people belong to three main ethnic groups: the Ngalops, Sharchops, and Lhotshampas. The Ngalops and Sharchops are the two most prominent ethnic groups, while the Lhotshampas account for only a small portion of the population.
The Ngalops, also known as the Western Bhutanese, primarily reside in the country’s western regions. They are of Tibetan origin and primarily practice Buddhism. They speak Dzongkha, which is the country’s official language, as well as several other dialects.
The Sharchops, on the other hand, are the Eastern Bhutanese and inhabit the eastern regions of Bhutan. They are of Indo-Mongoloid origin and speak a variety of languages including Tshangla and Kurtop. They also practice Buddhism but retain a unique mix of pre-Buddhist animist beliefs.
Lhotshampas, also known as Nepali, are migrants from Nepal who were brought in by the British in the early 20th century to work in the Lowland areas of southern Bhutan. They comprise approximately 20% of Bhutan’s population but are not recognized as citizens of Bhutan.
The predominant religion in Bhutan is Vajrayana Buddhism, which is practiced by over 70% of the population. The remaining population is a mix of Hinduism and other animist traditions.
Bhutan has a relatively young population, with over 60% of its citizens under the age of 30. Its life expectancy is approximately 70 years, and its literacy rate is over 70%.
the demographic profile of Bhutan is unique, with a small population spread thinly over difficult terrain. Its diverse ethnic groups, primarily the Ngalops and Sharchops, share a rich cultural heritage. With a majority of its population practicing Buddhism, Bhutan is a country where spirituality and culture are intertwined.
Ethnicities
Bhutan is a highly diverse country, populated by many different ethnic groups. The official language is Dzongkha, but there are many other languages spoken throughout the country. According to the 2017 census, Bhutan’s population is approximately 807,610, and it’s composed of 19 ethnic groups. Among them, three ethnic groups stand out as the majority in Bhutan. They are the Ngalops, Sharchops, and Lhotshampas.
The Ngalops are the largest group and make up about 50% of the Bhutanese population. They are mainly concentrated in western Bhutan, especially in areas like Thimphu, Paro, and Punakha. Their language, Dzongkha, is also the official language of the country. The Ngalops are known for their ceremonial dances, and they play an essential role in Bhutan’s spiritual and cultural traditions.
The Sharchops comprise approximately 34% of the population, living mostly in eastern Bhutan. They speak a Tibeto-Burman language and are divided into several subgroups, including the Tshanglas, Kurtoeps, and Sherpas. They have a rich agricultural tradition, with rice and maize being the main crops.
The Lhotshampas, also known as southern Bhutanese, account for around 15% of Bhutan’s population. They originally came from Nepal, and their language is Nepali. The Lhotshampas arrived in Bhutan mainly in the 19th and 20th centuries, as part of the country’s labor force. They live primarily in the southern part of the country, in areas like Gelephu and Phuentsholing.
Apart from the three largest ethnic groups, there are also smaller groups such as the Bramis and Khengpas. The Bramis live in central and southern Bhutan, and their language is closely related to Dzongkha. The Khengpas reside in central Bhutan, and they speak Khengkha.
Bhutan is a unique country where different ethnic groups coexist peacefully, and their cultural diversity adds richness to the country’s heritage. The government of Bhutan recognizes all ethnic groups and provides facilities for their development. It’s fascinating to see how the different ethnic groups have contributed to the country’s cultural and linguistic diversity, making Bhutan a unique place to visit.
Religion
Bhutan’s religious fabric is colourful and diverse, embodying the practices and beliefs of various faiths. Buddhism is Bhutan’s official religion, with the majority of Bhutanese following the Drukpa Kagyu order of Tibetan Buddhism. However, there are provisions for the practice of other faiths, and minority religious groups coexist peacefully.
The influence of Buddhism can be seen in Bhutan’s landscapes, with several monasteries and temples dotting the country’s mountains and valleys. The most significant religious landmark is the Paro Taktsang, a sacred Buddhist site that perches precariously on a cliffside.
In addition to Buddhism, other major religions practiced in Bhutan include Hinduism and Christianity. Approximately 1% of Bhutanese are Hindu, concentrated mostly in the southern regions of the country, and there is a small Christian community as well.
Bhutan’s syncretic Bon religion, which predates Buddhism and likely arrived from Tibet, also influences the country’s religious panorama. The Bon beliefs revolve around the veneration of the elements of nature and animistic spirits. Still, their teachings have integrated with the country’s Buddhist philosophy, highly influencing the formation of contemporary Bhutanese Buddhism.
Moreover, Bhutan’s religious practices have an enormous impact on its culture and society, with festivals and religious events playing an influential role in the lives of locals. The annual Tshechu festival, celebrated in several localities nationwide, features colourful masked dances and rituals that portray stories from Bhutanese mythology and history.
At the same time, Bhutan’s religious institutions, including monastic orders, have significant social and economic roles. These monastic orders provide essential services to communities, such as education and healthcare, and are significant actors in the country’s development plans.
Bhutan’s religious diversity and tolerance make it a unique destination for travellers interested in learning about different spiritual practices worldwide. Visitors can witness the cultural richness of Bhutan’s religious traditions and the role they play in shaping Bhutanese society.
Languages
Bhutan has two official languages – Dzongkha and English. Dzongkha is a Sino-Tibetan language that is spoken by over half of Bhutan’s population. While English is the medium of instruction in schools and the lingua franca for communication with foreigners.
Apart from these two languages, there are several other languages spoken in Bhutan. Some of the commonly spoken languages include Sharchopkha, the East Bhutanese language, Nepali, Lhotsamkha, the Southern Bhutanese language, and Bumthangkha, the language of central Bhutan.
In Bhutan, language has been used as an instrument to maintain a distinct cultural identity. The government has initiated several efforts to preserve and promote the different languages spoken in the country. The education system has incorporated these languages in their curriculum, ensuring that the younger generation is exposed to these languages and their unique cultures.
It is interesting to note that the Bhutanese language is unique with its alphabets. Dzongkha has its writing system that has 30 consonants and four vowels. The ancient script of Lepcha can also be found in some parts of the country.
Language plays a significant role in Bhutanese society. The different dialects and languages spoken reflect the diverse cultures throughout the country. Language is an essential tool for the preservation and promotion of cultural diversity, and the Bhutanese government has made conscious efforts to ensure that these languages are perpetuated.
In a nutshell, linguistic diversity is an integral part of Bhutan’s nationalist identity, and it contributes significantly to the country’s overall cultural richness.
Health
Bhutan’s healthcare system strives to provide quality medical assistance to its citizens across the country. As a mandatory requirement, Bhutan’s healthcare system provides free primary healthcare to its people. The country has made significant progress in reducing maternal and child mortality rates in recent years. Immunization coverage rates have also increased, contributing to a reduction in the incidence of infectious diseases.
Bhutan’s Ministry of Health oversees the administration of the healthcare system in the country. A vast network of public hospitals and clinics provides medical facilities to Bhutanese citizens. Though there are few tertiary care hospitals in Bhutan, the government has plans to expand its medical infrastructure.
The country’s healthcare initiatives do not stop at just providing medical assistance but include promoting overall wellbeing. Bhutan has adopted a holistic approach to healthcare, viewing it as a combination of physical, mental, and spiritual wellbeing. The concept of Gross National Happiness, introduced by Bhutan, emphasizes the importance of prioritizing the collective happiness of its citizens over material wealth.
Bhutan has implemented several wellbeing programs to promote healthy lifestyles among its citizens. These programs include initiatives to promote healthy eating habits, discourage smoking, and encourage physical activity. Yoga and meditation are popular practices in Bhutan, contributing to the overall wellbeing of its people.
Despite these positive developments, Bhutan still faces significant challenges in healthcare, including a shortage of medical professionals and inadequate infrastructure in rural areas. The government has taken steps to tackle these problems, including incentivizing medical professionals to work in rural areas and investing in upgrading healthcare facilities across the country.
Bhutan has also collaborated with international organizations such as UNICEF and WHO to strengthen its healthcare system. In recent years, Bhutan has been recognized for its healthcare achievements, including being awarded the WHO’s World No Tobacco Day Award in 2021.
Bhutan’s healthcare system is making commendable efforts in providing quality healthcare to its people while promoting overall wellbeing. However, there is still room for improvement, and the government’s commitment to addressing healthcare challenges is crucial for the continued progress of the healthcare system.
Culture
Bhutan’s culture is rich and unique, influenced by its geography, religion, and history. The country has a distinct identity and a sense of pride in its traditions and customs. In fact, Bhutan is known for measuring its progress by Gross National Happiness (GNH), which is based on the philosophy that economic development should be balanced with cultural preservation and environmental conservation.
One of the most recognizable aspects of Bhutanese culture is its dress, which consists of a knee-length robe called the gho for men and a full-length dress called the kira for women. Both garments are made of woven cotton or silk and are adorned with elaborate patterns and colors. Bhutanese people also wear the kabney, a scarf worn around the neck that signifies a person’s status or rank. Even in modern times, many Bhutanese people continue to wear their traditional dress on a daily basis.
Religion is another cornerstone of Bhutanese culture. Buddhism is the predominant religion, and many Bhutanese people practice a form of it called Vajrayana. Monks and monasteries hold a special place in Bhutanese society, and many festivals and rituals have religious significance. The most famous of these is the Paro Tsechu festival, which takes place in the spring and is a celebration of Guru Rinpoche, the man who brought Buddhism to Bhutan.
Bhutanese music and dance are also an important part of the country’s culture. Traditional instruments include the drangyen, a lute-like instrument, and the yangchen, a type of dulcimer. Dancing is often performed during festivals and special occasions and is accompanied by singing and music. The most famous dance is the Cham, in which masked dancers perform stories from Buddhist mythology.
Art and handicrafts are also an essential aspect of Bhutanese culture. Thangka paintings, which depict Buddhist deities and scenes, are a popular form of art. Bhutanese people are also skilled at woodworking, weaving, and papermaking. Souvenirs such as prayer flags, handwoven textiles, and carved wooden masks are popular among visitors.
Food is an important part of Bhutanese culture as well. The cuisine is known for its spiciness, with chili peppers being a staple ingredient. Ema datshi, a dish made with chili peppers and cheese, is a national favorite. Other popular dishes include phaksha paa, a spicy pork dish, and momos, a type of dumpling filled with meat or vegetables.
Bhutan’s culture is both unique and fascinating. Its traditions and customs have evolved over centuries, yet remain integral to Bhutanese identity. From traditional dress to religious festivals, music and dance to handicrafts and cuisine, Bhutanese culture is sure to captivate visitors who appreciate the beauty of a nation that has managed to stay true to its roots.
Activities to Do
Bhutan is a unique country that offers a range of exciting activities to do. Whether you’re looking for adventure, spirituality, or cultural experiences, Bhutan has something to offer everyone. Here are some amazing activities to do in Bhutan:
1. Trekking: Bhutan is known for its incredible mountainous terrain and stunning landscapes. The country has a range of trekking routes to suit all levels of trekking enthusiasts. The most popular treks include the Snowman Trek, Jomolhari Trek, and Druk Path Trek.
2. Cycling: Cycling is another popular way to explore and experience Bhutan’s natural beauty and unique culture. You can cycle through mountain roads, rice paddies, and serene valleys. The country also hosts an annual Tour of the Dragon, a 268km bicycle race that attracts riders from around the world.
3. Festivals: Bhutan is known for its colorful and vibrant festivals, which are held throughout the year in different parts of the country. These festivals showcase Bhutanese traditional culture and religion. The most famous festival is the Paro Tsechu, which is held in spring and is one of the biggest festivals in Bhutan.
4. Archery: Archery is the national sport of Bhutan and is an integral part of Bhutanese culture. Visitors can participate in archery contests or watch the local archers compete.
5. Meditation and Yoga: Bhutan is known for its peaceful and spiritual environment, which makes it an ideal destination for meditation and yoga. Many retreat centers and monasteries offer meditation and yoga retreats for visitors.
6. Hot Springs: Bhutan has several hot springs that are believed to have therapeutic properties. The hot springs are tucked away in scenic locations and provide a relaxing and rejuvenating experience.
7. Traditional Arts: Bhutan is famous for its traditional arts and crafts, including weaving, painting, and woodcarving. Visitors can learn about these arts and even take part in workshops.
8. Wildlife Watching: Bhutan is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including tigers, snow leopards, and Himalayan black bears. Visitors can go on guided wildlife tours to see these animals in their natural habitats.
There are many more exciting and fun activities to do in Bhutan. Whether you’re looking for adventure, spirituality, or cultural experiences, Bhutan has it all. So pack your bags and head to this exquisite destination to experience everything it has to offer.
Cities
Bhutan is a charming country with many small towns and villages that offer a glimpse into the fascinating local culture. However, larger urban centers have their own unique appeal for those seeking adventure and exploration.
Thimphu is the capital of Bhutan and the largest city in the country. It is home to many important cultural and religious sites, including the Tashichho Dzong fortress, the Memorial Chorten, and the Buddha Dordenma statue. Visitors can also enjoy shopping at local markets and sampling delicious Bhutanese cuisine.
Another fascinating city to visit in Bhutan is Paro, located in a picturesque valley and surrounded by high mountains. Paro is famous for its iconic Tiger’s Nest monastery, which is built on a cliff overlooking the valley. Visitors can also explore the ruins of the Drukgyel Dzong fortress and enjoy outdoor activities like trekking and horse riding.
Phuntsholing is a bustling border town located in the southern part of Bhutan. It is the gateway to India and an important commercial center for the country. Visitors can experience a unique blend of Bhutanese and Indian cultures, visit the iconic Karbandi monastery, and explore the nearby Jomotsangkha Wildlife Sanctuary.
Bumthang is a beautiful valley located in central Bhutan and home to many important religious sites, temples, and monasteries. It is also known for its stunning natural scenery, including majestic mountains, pristine rivers, and lush forests. Visitors to Bumthang can enjoy hiking, birdwatching, and exploring the local culture and traditions.
Punakha is another important city in Bhutan and a former capital of the country. Located in a fertile valley and surrounded by lush rice fields, Punakha is known for its stunning fortress, the Punakha Dzong. Visitors can also explore the local markets, try delicious Bhutanese dishes, and take part in cultural festivals and celebrations.
Gangtey is a small town located in the Phobjikha Valley and known for its beautiful natural scenery and unique culture. Visitors can visit the iconic Gangtey monastery, explore the nearby marshland, and observe the rare black-necked cranes that migrate to the area every winter.
Samdrup Jongkhar is a lively border town located in the southeastern part of Bhutan. It is an important commercial center for the country and offers a unique blend of Bhutanese and Indian cultures. Visitors can explore the local markets, visit the Dewathang monastery, and enjoy outdoor activities like trekking and camping.
Each of these cities and urban centers in Bhutan offers a unique perspective into the country’s culture, history, and natural beauty. They are well worth a visit for those seeking adventure, exploration, and a deeper understanding of this fascinating country.
The Most Beautiful Cities
Bhutan is known for its pristine natural beauty and breathtaking landscapes. The country is also home to some of the most picturesque and charming cities in the world. Here are a few of the most beautiful cities in Bhutan:
1. Thimphu: The capital city of Bhutan, Thimphu, offers a blend of modern and traditional Bhutanese culture. It is surrounded by lush green mountains and is a perfect destination for nature lovers. The city is known for its vibrant nightlife, delicious food, and colorful festivals.
2. Paro: Paro is a small town nestled in the Paro Valley and is known for its picturesque landscapes. The town is home to several ancient monasteries and temples, including the famous Tiger’s Nest Monastery, which is perched on a cliff.
3. Punakha: Punakha is a serene valley town famous for the Punakha Dzong, a beautiful fortress built in the 17th century. The town is surrounded by lush green paddy fields and is a great place to relax and enjoy the peaceful surroundings.
4. Bumthang: The Bumthang Valley is known for its spiritual significance and is home to several ancient temples and monasteries. The town is surrounded by coniferous forests and offers breathtaking views of the Himalayan Mountains.
5. Wangdue Phodrang: Wangdue Phodrang is a small town located on a hilltop and offers magnificent views of the surrounding valleys and mountains. The town is famous for its hot springs and is a great place to relax and unwind.
These are just a few of the most beautiful cities in Bhutan that are worth visiting. Each city has its unique charm and offers something different for tourists to explore and enjoy.
Places to Visit
Bhutan is a beautiful and fascinating country with plenty of interesting places to visit. From historic landmarks to natural wonders, there’s something for everyone. Here are some must-visit sites and attractions in Bhutan:
1. Paro Valley – This beautiful valley is dotted with numerous Buddhist temples and monasteries. It’s also home to the iconic Tiger’s Nest monastery, which is perched on the side of a cliff and offers breathtaking views.
2. Thimphu – As the capital of Bhutan, Thimphu is a bustling city with plenty to see and do. Highlights include the National Memorial Chorten, the Buddha Dordenma statue, and the Tashichho Dzong fortress.
3. Punakha – This picturesque valley is home to the stunning Punakha Dzong, which is one of the most impressive architectural sights in Bhutan. It’s also famous for its scenic rice fields and small villages.
4. Haa Valley – A lesser-known destination, the Haa Valley is a hidden gem with stunning natural beauty. It’s home to numerous hiking trails, hot springs, and traditional Bhutanese villages.
5. Phobjikha Valley – Known as the winter home of the black-necked crane, Phobjikha Valley is a bird-watcher’s paradise. It’s also home to the beautiful Gangtey Monastery and offers plenty of opportunities for hiking and wildlife watching.
6. Bumthang – This beautiful valley is home to several historic temples and monasteries, including the Jambay Lhakhang and the Kurjey Lhakhang. It’s also famous for its traditional textiles and handicrafts.
7. Wangdue Phodrang – This small town is home to the impressive Wangdue Phodrang Dzong, which is perched on top of a hill overlooking the valley. It’s also a great place to explore traditional Bhutanese architecture and culture.
8. Jakar – This small town in central Bhutan is home to the beautiful Wangdicholing Palace, as well as several monasteries and temples. It’s also a great starting point for exploring the surrounding countryside.
Bhutan is a country full of natural beauty, culture, and history. These are just a few of the must-visit sites and attractions that you won’t want to miss. Whether you’re a history buff, nature lover, or simply looking for a unique travel experience, Bhutan has something for everyone.
Food and Drink
Bhutanese cuisine is a unique blend of spicy and savory flavors, heavily influenced by Tibetan and Indian cuisine. One of the most popular dishes in Bhutan is ema datshi, a spicy dish made with cheese and chili peppers. Another popular dish is phak sha, made with pork and radish.
One of the staple foods in Bhutan is rice, which is often served with vegetables, meat, and soup. Momos, a type of dumpling, are also popular in Bhutan and come with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, and cheese.
Beverages in Bhutan include tea, made with yak butter and milk, and ara, a traditional alcoholic beverage made with fermented rice. Suja is a type of butter tea that is consumed throughout the day.
The cuisine in Bhutan is heavily influenced by the country’s regional and seasonal diversity. The lower regions of the country have a warmer climate and tropical fruits and vegetables, while the higher regions produce dairy products and grains. Bhutanese cuisine also takes into consideration the country’s Buddhist beliefs, with meat being consumed more sparingly than in other Asian countries.
If you’re looking to try out Bhutanese cuisine, there are many restaurants and cafes in major cities that serve traditional dishes. Some popular restaurants to check out include Bukhari in Thimphu and Gangtey Palace in Paro. many hotels and resorts include Bhutanese dishes on their menus.
- Popular Bhutanese dishes:
- Ema datshi – a spicy cheese and chili pepper dish
- Phak sha – a dish made with pork and radish
- Momos – a type of dumpling filled with beef, pork, or cheese
- Rice served with vegetables, meat, and soup
| Beverages in Bhutan | Description |
|---|---|
| Butter tea | Tea made with yak butter and milk |
| Ara | Traditional alcoholic beverage made with fermented rice |
| Suja | Butter tea consumed throughout the day |
Flights
If you’re planning a trip to Bhutan, you’ll need to know about the flights and transportation options available in the country. Bhutan’s only international airport is located in Paro, which is about an hour’s drive from Thimphu, the capital city. The airport is located in a narrow valley and surrounded by high mountains, which makes landing and takeoff challenging even for experienced pilots. However, the views of the Himalayas during the flight are breathtaking and worth the effort.
There are only two airlines that operate flights to Bhutan – Druk Air and Bhutan Airlines. Druk Air is the national carrier and has connections to Delhi, Kolkata, Bangkok, Kathmandu, Dhaka, Singapore, and several other cities in Asia. Bhutan Airlines, on the other hand, operates flights between Bangkok, Kathmandu, Kolkata, Delhi, and Dhaka. The flights are subject to weather conditions and may be cancelled or delayed due to fog or high winds.
If you’re planning to take a domestic flight in Bhutan, Druk Air also operates flights to Bumthang, Trashigang, and Gelephu. The flights are operated by the ATR 42 and Dornier 228 aircraft and offer stunning views of the Himalayan peaks and valleys. However, the flights are limited and subject to availability, so it’s best to book in advance.
In terms of ground transportation, taxis and buses are the primary means of getting around in Bhutan. Taxis are readily available in major towns and cities and are reasonably priced. However, they may not always have a meter, so it’s best to negotiate the fare before starting your journey. If you’re traveling in a group, hiring a private car or van may be a more comfortable and convenient option.
Buses are another popular means of transportation in Bhutan and are quite affordable. The buses operate on fixed schedules and routes and connect most major towns and cities in the country. However, the buses can be crowded and uncomfortable, and the schedules may not always be reliable, so it’s recommended to plan your journey in advance.
while there are limited flight options to Bhutan, the airlines offer excellent service and stunning views of the Himalayas. If you’re planning a trip to Bhutan, it’s best to book your flights and transportation in advance to avoid any last-minute surprises. while taxis and buses are the primary means of transportation in Bhutan, private cars or vans may be a more comfortable and convenient option, especially if you’re traveling in a group.
Accommodation
If you’re planning to visit Bhutan, you don’t have to worry about finding the right accommodation. The country may be small and remote, but it offers a variety of lodging options for tourists. From lavish hotels to cozy homestays, Bhutan has it all. In this section, we’ll take you through a tour of Bhutan’s accommodation facilities.
Hotels and Resorts:For a luxurious stay, you can opt for one of Bhutan’s elegant hotels or resorts. The picturesque resorts offer magnificent views of the Himalayan range and lush greenery. Some of the prominent hotels and resorts include Amankora, Uma by COMO, Zhiwaling Hotel, and Taj Tashi.
Guesthouses and Lodges:There are several guesthouses and lodges throughout Bhutan. These are suitable for budget travelers and backpackers who don’t want to break their bank. Typically, these lodges are clean and comfortable with basic amenities, including hot water, Wi-Fi, and home-cooked meals. You can also experience Bhutanese hospitality by choosing to stay with a local family in a homestay.
Farmstays:Bhutan has been promoting agritourism in recent years, and one of the ways to enjoy this is by opting for farmstays. You can experience a farmer’s lifestyle by staying in a farmstay. You can participate in planting and harvesting crops, feeding animals, and learning about Bhutan’s traditional farming techniques.
Camping:If you’re an adventure seeker, you may opt for camping. You can set up camp in several of Bhutan’s national parks, including Jigme Dorji National Park and Phrumsengla National Park. Camping equipment can be rented from various tour operators in Bhutan.
Booking Accommodation:Bhutan’s tourism regulation requires tourists to book accommodation through a licensed Bhutanese tour operator. The tour operator will handle accommodation, transportation, and guided tours throughout your stay. Despite the regulation, there’s still a considerable amount of accommodation options available to each tourist.
Conclusion:The accommodation facilities in Bhutan cater to a wide range of tourists. Whether you’re traveling solo or with family, you can find the perfect lodging that meets your requirements. The hospitality provided by the locals is praiseworthy and will make your stay all the more memorable.
Bhutan through the Eyes of the World
Bhutan, also known as “The Last Shangri-La”, has been gaining attention and admiration from the global community in recent years. Despite being a relatively small country, Bhutan’s unique culture, gorgeous landscapes, and inspiring initiatives have captured the world’s imagination.
One of the key factors that attract international attention is Bhutan’s focus on Gross National Happiness (GNH) instead of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a measure of progress. This innovative approach has astonished many and provoked admiration from countries around the world.
Bhutan’s commitment to preserving its natural environment and sustainable development also earned it international recognition. The country is carbon-neutral, and more than 70% of its land is covered by forests. Bhutan’s success in balancing its economy with environmental protection is inspiring, and many global policymakers have cited the country as a model for sustainable development.
Bhutan’s unique culture and tradition also garners attention among tourists and scholars. The country is steeped in Buddhist traditions that are celebrated through various festivals and events. The world-renowned Paro Tsechu festival, held annually in Bhutan, attracts visitors from worldwide. Bhutan’s landscapes, including the Himalayan Mountains, stunning valleys, and majestic rivers, also captivate the world’s attention.
Bhutan’s role in international relations is also noteworthy, with the country being hailed as a peace-builder among its neighboring countries. Bhutan has ensured its political neutrality, and its king has been instrumental in brokering peace talks between several neighboring countries, earning Bhutan praise on the global stage.
The world’s media outlets have been quick to highlight and explore Bhutan’s unique aspects, attracting worldwide attention. The popular travel website Lonely Planet named Bhutan as the best country to travel in 2020, while the United Nations ranked Bhutan 97th out of 189 countries in its 2020 Human Development Index.
Bhutan’s focus on Gross National Happiness, sustainability, cultural uniqueness, and peace-building has garnered international admiration and made the country a desirable destination for tourists. The world recognizes Bhutan as a model for sustainable development and a beacon of hope for a better future.