Papua New Guinea is a stunning country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, known for its rich cultural heritage, stunning natural beauty, and incredible biodiversity. The nation stretches across the entire eastern half of the island of New Guinea, as well as a number of offshore islands, encompassing a total land area of approximately 462,840 square kilometers.
Papua New Guinea is a diverse and fascinating country, offering visitors a unique insight into a world that is both ancient and modern, traditional and innovative. With a population of approximately 8.8 million people, Papua New Guinea is home to a wide range of ethnic groups, each with their own distinct cultures and traditions.
The country’s natural environment is equally diverse, with towering mountain ranges, lush rainforests, crystal-clear rivers, and pristine beaches. Papua New Guinea is also home to countless species of flora and fauna, many of which are found nowhere else on earth.
Whether you are interested in history, culture, nature, or adventure, Papua New Guinea has something to offer for everyone. From exploring ancient archaeological sites to trekking through remote jungle wilderness, there is no shortage of ways to experience all that this incredible country has to offer.
Etymology
‘fuzzy hair,’ which refers to the curly hair of the indigenous people. The term New Guinea was derived from the Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez, who used the phrase Islas de Oro y Parayso to describe the island’s stunning natural beauty, calling it ‘islands of gold and paradise.’ The name Papua New Guinea was officially adopted when the country gained independence in 1975. The name is a reflection of the country’s geography, as it encompasses the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands. The term Papua was originally only applied to the southeastern portion of the island, but later came to encompass the entire country. The name has an interesting linguistic history, reflecting the colonial legacies of the country’s past as well as the indigenous cultures that have inhabited the region for thousands of years.
Geography
Papua New Guinea is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean and encompasses the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands. The country is a mountainous region, with some peaks reaching heights of over 4,000 meters. The highest peak in Papua New Guinea is Mount Wilhelm, which stands at 4,509 meters. Papua New Guinea is also home to numerous rivers, including the Sepik, Fly, and Ramu rivers.
The country is situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire, making it one of the most geologically active regions on the planet. As a result, it is home to numerous active volcanoes and experiences frequent earthquakes. The terrain is deeply cut by river systems, valleys, and rugged terrain. Papua New Guinea’s topography creates challenging conditions for road and infrastructure development. As a result, many areas are accessible only by small aircraft or boat.
There is a major boundary between the highlands and the lowlands, resulting in stark physical and cultural differences between the two regions. The lowlands are characteristically dense, wet tropical rainforests, while the highlands have subalpine vegetation and a more temperate climate.
Papua New Guinea’s geography has played an essential role in the country’s historical development. Due to the mountainous terrain and the lack of roads, indigenous groups have developed distinct cultures and languages. the country’s isolation has made it challenging to spread technology and other innovations.
History
The history of Papua New Guinea dates back tens of thousands of years, with the indigenous peoples of the region developing a complex social and cultural system long before the arrival of European explorers. However, it was not until the late 19th century that the region came under European control. In 1884, Germany declared a protectorate over the northeastern part of the island of New Guinea, which included what is now Papua New Guinea.
| Germany | In 1884, Germany declared a protectorate over the northeastern part of New Guinea |
| Australia | From 1906-1949, Papua was a territory of Australia |
| Japan | During World War II, the country was occupied by Japanese forces from 1942-1945 |
| Australia | In 1949, Papua and New Guinea were united and became an Australian territory until independence in 1975 |
In 1906, British New Guinea and the German protectorate were merged to form the Territory of Papua, which was then administered by Australia. Papua and the former German colony became the Territory of New Guinea after World War I, and both territories were placed under Australian control in 1920.
During World War II, Papua New Guinea was a significant battleground in the Pacific theater. Japanese forces occupied the country from 1942 to 1945 before being ousted by Allied troops. Following the war, the territories were managed by Australia and eventually granted self-government in 1972.
Papua New Guinea finally gained independence from Australia in 1975 and became a parliamentary democracy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. Since independence, the country has faced numerous political and economic challenges, but has managed to maintain stability and remains an important player in the Pacific region.
Geology
Papua New Guinea is situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire which is known to be one of the most seismically and volcanically active areas in the world. The ring of fire is a long chain of active and dormant volcanoes that circle the Pacific Ocean Basin, including the coastlines of New Zealand, Japan, Southeast Asia, and the west coasts of North and South America.
In Papua New Guinea, there are more than 60 volcanoes, out of which 20 are active. One of the most active is Mount Ulawun which has erupted over 20 times since 1700. Another active volcano, Mount Tavurvur, erupted famously in 1994, causing widespread damage.
Due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire, Papua New Guinea experiences frequent earthquakes, some of which can be quite powerful. The most recent occurrence was in February 2018, where a magnitude 7.5 earthquake struck the highlands region of the country, causing landslides, destruction, and loss of life.
Despite the risks associated with living in such a geologically dynamic area, Papua New Guinea’s unique geology also provides many economic benefits. The country is rich in mineral and petroleum resources, which make up a significant portion of Papua New Guinea’s economy and export earnings.
Geography
Papua New Guinea is a country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, as well as numerous offshore islands. The country is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, which includes towering mountain ranges, lush rainforests, and crystal-clear rivers.
One of the defining features of Papua New Guinea’s geography is its rugged terrain. The country is mountainous, with peaks reaching over 4,000 meters above sea level. The highest mountain is Mount Wilhelm, which stands at 4,509 meters. These mountains are a result of the country’s location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, which makes Papua New Guinea one of the most geologically active regions on the planet. The mountains are home to a diverse range of wildlife, including birds of paradise, tree kangaroos, and endemic plant species.
Another striking feature of Papua New Guinea’s geography is its network of rivers. The country is home to numerous large rivers, including the Sepik, Fly, and Ramu rivers. These rivers play an important role in the country’s transportation and hydroelectric power generation. The Sepik River, in particular, is a major cultural site for the indigenous people of the country, with numerous villages and ceremonial sites located along its banks.
In addition to its mountains and rivers, Papua New Guinea is also home to a vast amount of tropical rainforest. The country has one of the world’s largest remaining tracts of rainforest, which is home to numerous endangered species of plants and animals. The government of Papua New Guinea has recognized the importance of the rainforest and has taken steps to protect it through conservation efforts and sustainable forestry practices.
Papua New Guinea’s geography plays a significant role in shaping the country’s culture and way of life. Its stunning natural beauty has made it a popular destination for adventurous travelers and nature enthusiasts alike, while its rugged terrain has presented challenges and opportunities for the people who call it home.
Ecology
Papua New Guinea is a treasure trove of biodiversity, with a remarkable number of endemic species found nowhere else on Earth. The tropical rainforests of Papua New Guinea are home to a dizzying array of flora and fauna, making it one of the most biologically diverse countries on the planet. The country is also home to the world’s largest remaining tracts of tropical rainforest, covering nearly 70% of the country’s landmass.
The lush rainforests of Papua New Guinea are brimming with life, with countless species of plants, birds, mammals, and insects calling it home. Some of the most notable species found in Papua New Guinea include the bird of paradise, a colorful and unique bird known for its elaborate courtship displays, the tree kangaroo, which is found only in this region of the world, and the Queen Alexandra’s birdwing, the largest butterfly in the world.
Unfortunately, like many other tropical rainforests around the world, Papua New Guinea’s rainforests are under threat from deforestation and habitat loss. The country’s government has taken steps to protect its forests, with more than 70 protected areas covering over 7% of the country’s landmass. However, illegal logging and mining continue to pose a threat to the country’s fragile ecosystems.
- Papua New Guinea is home to over 5% of the world’s biodiversity
- The country has more than 600 species of birds and over 200 species of mammals
- Over 80% of Papua New Guinea’s plants are found nowhere else on Earth
In addition to its rainforests, Papua New Guinea also boasts impressive coral reefs and marine ecosystems. The country’s coastline is home to a number of protected bays and inlets, where a diverse range of marine life thrives. Scuba diving and snorkeling are popular activities for tourists visiting Papua New Guinea, with many underwater attractions to explore.
In recent years, Papua New Guinea has become a popular destination for ecotourism, with visitors from around the world flocking to see its unique natural heritage. The country’s government has recognized the potential for sustainable tourism to contribute to its economy while also protecting its precious ecosystems.
Papua New Guinea’s ecology is a marvel to behold, and preserving this biodiversity for future generations will be a critical challenge for the country.
Biodiversity
Papua New Guinea is one of the most biologically diverse countries on the planet, with a high number of endemic species. The country’s unique geography and climate have resulted in the evolution of a variety of flora and fauna found nowhere else on earth.
The country is home to over 700 species of birds, including the stunning birds of paradise, known for their elaborate plumage and intricate courtship displays. Papua New Guinea is also home to the world’s largest butterfly, the Queen Alexandra’s birdwing, which has a wingspan of up to 30cm.
Other unique animals found in Papua New Guinea include tree kangaroos, which live in the country’s mountain forests, and the cuscus, a marsupial that resembles a large, fluffy possum. The country is also home to a wide variety of reptiles, including numerous species of geckos and skinks.
The flora of Papua New Guinea is equally diverse, with over 15,000 species of plants found in the country. The nation’s forests are home to a wide variety of hardwood trees, including ebony, rosewood, and kwila. The country’s gardens are also full of edible crops, with sweet potato, taro, and yam being staples of the Papuan diet.
Unfortunately, much of Papua New Guinea’s biodiversity is under threat due to habitat destruction and unsustainable resource extraction practices. However, efforts to conserve the country’s unique natural heritage are ongoing, and organizations such as the Papua New Guinea Forest Authority are working to protect the country’s forests and the animals that call them home.
Climate
Papua New Guinea has a tropical climate, characterized by high temperatures and humidity throughout the year. The average temperature is around 28°C (82°F), with little seasonal variation. However, temperatures do tend to be slightly cooler at higher elevations.
The country experiences two main seasons: a wet season from December to March, and a dry season from May to October. During the wet season, heavy rains can cause flooding and landslides, particularly in low-lying areas. The dry season is generally more pleasant, with lower humidity and less rainfall.
Despite the year-round warmth, it is important to pack appropriate clothing when traveling to Papua New Guinea. Lightweight, breathable fabrics are recommended, as well as rain gear for the wet season. It is also important to protect yourself from the sun, as Papua New Guinea is located close to the equator and experiences intense sun exposure.
Environmental Issues
Papua New Guinea is facing various environmental challenges that are affecting the country’s ecological balance. One of the major environmental issues in the country is deforestation, which is leading to soil erosion and habitat loss. The rapid loss of forest cover also results in a decline in biodiversity, with many of the country’s unique and endemic species threatened with extinction.
Another significant environmental issue in Papua New Guinea is pollution caused by mining activities. The country’s rich mineral resources have made it a hub for mining companies, but this has come at a cost to the environment and local communities. Mining activities generate various types of pollution, including water pollution, air pollution, and soil contamination. This pollution affects the health and livelihoods of people living near mining sites, with many experiencing adverse health effects and reduced access to clean water.
Soil erosion is also a problem in the country, particularly in areas where deforestation and agricultural practices have resulted in soil degradation. Soil erosion reduces the productivity of land, making it more challenging for communities to earn a livelihood from agriculture. This problem is compounded by the effects of climate change, which are leading to erratic weather patterns and more frequent extreme weather events.
To address these environmental challenges, Papua New Guinea has implemented various policies and programs aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. One such program is the Papua New Guinea Forest Authority, which oversees the country’s forest management and conservation efforts. The government has also established protected areas and wildlife reserves, including the Kikori Delta and the Kokoda Track.
Despite these efforts, more work needs to be done to address the environmental challenges facing Papua New Guinea. The government needs to take more stringent measures to regulate mining and logging activities and promote sustainable land use practices. public awareness campaigns and educational programs can help raise awareness about the importance of preserving the environment and the role that individuals can play in conserving the country’s natural resources.
Politics
Papua New Guinea is a constitutional parliamentary democracy and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The government operates under a constitution that was adopted in 1975, the same year that Papua New Guinea gained its independence from Australia. The constitution provides for a separation of powers, with executive authority held by the prime minister and cabinet, legislative authority held by the National Parliament, and judicial authority held by the courts.
The National Parliament is made up of 111 members who are elected through a combination of first-past-the-post and proportional representation. Members serve a term of five years, after which they must stand for re-election. The prime minister is chosen by members of parliament and serves as the head of government.
Papua New Guinea is divided into 22 provinces and one autonomous region. Each province is governed by a governor who is elected by the members of the provincial assembly. The provinces are further divided into districts, which are governed by district administrators appointed by the national government.
The judiciary in Papua New Guinea is independent of the executive and legislative branches of government. The country’s legal system is based on a combination of English common law and indigenous customary law, with the final court of appeal being the Papua New Guinea Supreme Court.
Papua New Guinea is also a member of the United Nations and maintains diplomatic relations with countries around the world. The country has signed a number of international treaties and agreements, including the Paris Agreement on climate change and the Convention on Biological Diversity.
- Head of State: Sir Bob Dadae
- Head of Government: James Marape
- Political Parties: Papua New Guinea National Party, People’s National Congress, United Resources Party
| Branch | Leader |
|---|---|
| Executive | James Marape, Prime Minister |
| Legislative | The Hon. Job Pomat, Speaker of the National Parliament |
| Judicial | The Hon. Salamo Injia, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court |
Economy
Papua New Guinea’s economy is largely based on mining and petroleum sectors, which are responsible for a significant portion of the country’s export revenue. The mining industry in the country is dominated by the Porgera Gold Mine, which is one of the world’s largest gold mines. The Ok Tedi Mine, located in the Western Province, is another major mining operation in Papua New Guinea.
In addition to mining, Papua New Guinea also has significant petroleum reserves. The country exports liquefied natural gas (LNG) to markets in Asia, which is a major contributor to the country’s economy. The PNG LNG project is one of the largest resource developments in the country’s history.
Despite its reliance on extractive industries, Papua New Guinea also has a relatively small but growing agricultural sector. The country produces a variety of crops, including coffee, cocoa, palm oil, and rubber. However, the agricultural sector is largely focused on subsistence farming and struggles to compete in international markets.
Papua New Guinea’s economy has experienced periods of growth in recent years, with GDP increasing at an average rate of over 4% per year. However, the country still faces numerous challenges, including a lack of infrastructure and skilled labor, as well as political instability.
The government of Papua New Guinea has recently announced plans to expand the country’s economic base beyond extractive industries. This includes promoting tourism and developing the country’s small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
- Major Industries: Mining, Petroleum, Agriculture, Fishing, Forestry
- Major Export Markets: China, Australia, Japan, Singapore, Philippines
- Major Imports: Refined Petroleum, Cars, Delivery Trucks, Broadcasting Equipment, Crude Petroleum
The country’s economy is largely informal, with a significant portion of economic activity taking place in the informal sector. The government has recently taken steps to formalize the economy and increase tax revenue by cracking down on tax evasion and increasing tax compliance.
Papua New Guinea’s economy is heavily reliant on extractive industries, and the country’s economic future will depend on its ability to diversify into other sectors.
Infrastructure
Papua New Guinea’s transportation infrastructure is limited, with many areas only accessible by small aircraft or boat. The country has few paved roads and a high proportion of its population lives in rural and remote areas.
The main mode of transportation for goods and larger groups of people is by sea. Shipping services connect the major ports of Port Moresby, Lae, and Madang with smaller coastal towns and villages. However, these services are often unreliable and may not operate on a regular schedule, making it difficult for people to transport goods and get around.
The country’s road system is limited, and most roads are unpaved and in poor condition, especially in rural areas. The Highlands Highway, which runs from Lae to the Southern Highlands, is the only road that connects the highland regions to the coast. The highway is often closed due to landslides and other natural hazards.
Air travel is the most convenient and reliable means of transportation for many people in Papua New Guinea. The country has over 500 airstrips, with many of them operated by small airlines and charter companies. These airlines provide regular flights to many towns and villages, allowing people to access healthcare and education facilities and move goods around the country.
However, air travel can be expensive and is not accessible to everyone. Many people in remote communities have to walk for hours or days to reach an airstrip, and airfares can be prohibitively expensive for low-income families and small businesses. In addition, bad weather conditions can make air travel unsafe, leading to flight cancellations and delays.
Papua New Guinea’s limited transportation infrastructure has significant implications for the country’s economy, healthcare, and education systems. Poor infrastructure hampers economic growth and makes it difficult for people to access basic services like healthcare and education. The government has recognized the importance of improving infrastructure and has invested in upgrading roads, ports, and airports in recent years. However, more needs to be done to improve access to transportation and connect remote and marginalized communities.
Science and Technology
Papua New Guinea has made significant strides in terms of science and technology. The country is home to several research institutions and organizations that have made notable contributions to the field.
The Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR) is one of the leading research institutions in the country. Established in 1968, the PNGIMR is a non-profit organization that conducts research on various health issues, including malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. The institute is also involved in training and capacity-building programs for healthcare professionals in Papua New Guinea.
The National Agriculture Research Institute (NARI) is another prominent research organization in Papua New Guinea. Founded in 1996, NARI carries out research on agricultural technologies and practices, with the aim of improving food security and rural livelihoods in the country. The institute focuses on crops such as coffee, sweet potato, and banana, which are important sources of income and nutrition for many Papua New Guineans.
In recent years, Papua New Guinea has also been investing in science and technology education. The country has several universities and colleges that offer programs in fields such as engineering, computer science, and biotechnology. The government has also set up a scholarship program for students pursuing science and technology degrees.
Furthermore, Papua New Guinea has made significant efforts to bridge the digital divide in the country. The government has launched initiatives to improve internet connectivity and provide training in digital skills. In addition, private sector companies have been investing in the telecommunications sector, which has led to improved access to mobile phone and internet services in urban and rural areas alike.
Papua New Guinea is making strides in science and technology, which bodes well for the country’s future development. With continued investment and support, Papua New Guinea has the potential to become a hub of scientific and technological innovation in the Pacific region.
Famous People
Papua New Guinea has produced several notable figures throughout its history. One of the most well-known is Dika Toua, a weightlifter who won a silver medal in the 53 kg weight class at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Toua has represented her country at numerous international events, including the Commonwealth Games and Pacific Games, and continues to be an inspiration to young athletes in Papua New Guinea.
Another famous Papua New Guinean is George Telek, an award-winning musician known for his unique blend of traditional and modern styles. Telek has released several albums and collaborated with musicians from around the world. In addition to his music, he is also a vocal advocate for environmental conservation and sustainable development in Papua New Guinea.
- Dika Toua: Olympic silver medalist weightlifter
- George Telek: Award-winning musician and advocate for environmental conservation
Demographics
Papua New Guinea has a rich cultural heritage and is home to a diverse population consisting of numerous indigenous ethnic groups. The country has over 800 distinct languages spoken, making it one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. The majority of the population resides in rural areas and is engaged in subsistence agriculture.
The largest ethnic groups in Papua New Guinea include the Papua and Melanesian groups, with smaller populations of Polynesians and Micronesians. The majority of the population is Christian, with Catholicism and Protestantism being the largest denominations. However, traditional beliefs and practices are still prevalent in many parts of the country.
- The official language of Papua New Guinea is English, which is used in government and education.
- However, many indigenous languages are still widely spoken and used in daily life.
- The country’s diverse population has resulted in a rich cultural landscape, with numerous traditional art forms including dance, music, and carvings.
- Despite its cultural and linguistic diversity, Papua New Guinea has faced numerous challenges in terms of healthcare and education.
However, the country has made progress in recent years, with improvements in healthcare infrastructure and increased access to education. The government has also launched initiatives to promote cultural heritage and preserve traditional practices for future generations.
| Population | 7,937,686 (2021 est.) |
|---|---|
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 39.42% (male 1,574,091/female 1,503,438) 15-24 years: 20.28% (male 809,193/female 769,880) 25-54 years: 32.29% (male 1,263,188/female 1,159,463) 55-64 years: 4.4% (male 165,073/female 154,195) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 122,029/female 114,651) (2020 est.) |
| Median age | Total: 23.9 years (2020 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.84% (2021 est.) |
| Birth rate | 23.7 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Death rate | 6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 67.7 years |
Papua New Guinea’s diverse population and cultural heritage make it a unique and fascinating country to explore and learn about.
Ethnicities
Papua New Guinea is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world, with more than 800 different languages spoken. The largest ethnic groups in Papua New Guinea include the Papua and Melanesian groups, which together account for around 85% of the population. The Papuans are indigenous to the island of New Guinea, while Melanesians are descendants of the original inhabitants of the South Pacific islands.
In addition to these larger groups, there are also smaller ethnic groups in Papua New Guinea, including Polynesians and Micronesians. These groups are mainly concentrated in the eastern and northern parts of the country.
The ethnic diversity of Papua New Guinea has led to rich and varied cultural traditions, with each group having its own unique customs, beliefs, and practices. From the elaborate dances of the Huli people to the drumming and singing of the Sepik River tribes, Papua New Guinea’s cultural heritage is diverse and fascinating.
The government of Papua New Guinea recognizes the importance of preserving the country’s cultural heritage, and has established the National Cultural Commission to promote and protect traditional arts and crafts. The Commission also oversees the annual National Cultural Show, which features performances and displays by various ethnic groups from around the country.
In addition to cultural preservation, the government of Papua New Guinea has also taken steps to promote unity and social cohesion among the different ethnic groups. One example of this is the use of Tok Pisin, a pidgin language that serves as a lingua franca across the country. By encouraging the use of a common language, the government has helped to promote communication and understanding between different ethnic groups in Papua New Guinea.
Papua New Guinea’s ethnic diversity is a source of pride and strength for the country. It has helped to shape the rich cultural heritage of the country and has contributed to the unique and fascinating experiences that await visitors to this beautiful island nation.
Religion
Papua New Guinea is a religiously diverse country, but Christianity is the predominant religion, with approximately 96% of the population identifying as Christian. The two largest denominations in the country are Roman Catholic and Protestant, with each making up around 28% of the population. The remaining 40% of Christians identify as members of various Protestant denominations such as the Lutheran Church, the United Church, and the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
The Catholic Church is represented in each of the country’s 22 provinces and is particularly influential in education and healthcare. The church operates over 2,000 schools and numerous hospitals and clinics across the country.
Protestantism in Papua New Guinea is divided into numerous denominations, each with its own distinct beliefs and practices. The largest Protestant denomination is the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea, which has around 1.3 million members.
Other religions practiced in Papua New Guinea include Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. While these religions are not as widespread as Christianity, they are present in the country and have small but growing communities.
Traditional indigenous religions are also practiced in some parts of the country, particularly in rural areas. These religions involve a belief in ancestral spirits and the use of traditional rituals and ceremonies.
Christianity has become deeply integrated into Papua New Guinea’s culture and society. Christian holidays such as Christmas and Easter are widely celebrated, and many aspects of Christian morality and values have become influential in the country’s social norms and customs.
Languages
Papua New Guinea is not only one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world but also one of the most linguistically diverse. With over 800 languages spoken, it has one of the highest language densities in the world. These languages are part of the Austronesian, Papuan, and other language families.
The most commonly spoken languages in Papua New Guinea are Tok Pisin, English, and Hiri Motu, all of which are official languages. Tok Pisin is a creole language that emerged as a lingua franca during colonial times and is spoken by the majority of the population.
Despite the prevalence of Tok Pisin, many Papua New Guineans are multilingual and speak a combination of their community’s native language, English, and Tok Pisin. In some areas, people may speak dozens of languages.
The diversity of languages in Papua New Guinea is due to the country’s historical isolation and the rugged terrain, which led to the development of distinct linguistic communities. Many languages in Papua New Guinea are endangered, and efforts are being made to document and preserve them.
- The country has three official languages: English, Tok Pisin, and Hiri Motu.
- Tok Pisin, a creole language, is the most commonly spoken language in Papua New Guinea.
- Papua New Guineans are often multilingual, speaking a combination of their community’s native language, English, and Tok Pisin.
- The high language density of Papua New Guinea is due to the country’s historical isolation and rugged terrain.
- Many languages in Papua New Guinea are endangered, and efforts are being made to document and preserve them.
Health
Papua New Guinea faces a number of significant health challenges that put a strain on the country’s healthcare system. One of the biggest issues is a high prevalence of malaria, a mosquito-borne disease that is endemic in many parts of the country. The World Health Organization estimates that there were 700,000 cases of malaria in Papua New Guinea in 2019 alone.
Another major health challenge facing Papua New Guinea is HIV/AIDS. The country has one of the highest rates of HIV/AIDS in the Asia-Pacific region, with an estimated 46,000 people living with the disease in 2019. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is particularly high among key populations such as men who have sex with men and sex workers.
Papua New Guinea also has high rates of tuberculosis, with an estimated 30,000 cases reported each year. Other health issues include diarrheal diseases, respiratory infections, and vaccine-preventable illnesses.
Part of the reason for the high rates of these and other diseases in Papua New Guinea is a lack of adequate healthcare infrastructure and resources. Many parts of the country are remote and difficult to access, making it a challenge to provide even basic health services to the population.
However, there are efforts underway to improve healthcare in Papua New Guinea. The government has made efforts to increase funding for healthcare and to train more healthcare workers. Partnerships with international organizations such as the World Health Organization and UNICEF are also helping to strengthen the country’s healthcare system.
In addition to these efforts, there are steps that individuals can take to protect their health in Papua New Guinea. This includes following basic hygiene practices such as washing hands regularly and drinking clean water, using insect repellent to prevent mosquito bites and taking antimalarial medication if necessary, and practicing safe sex and getting tested for HIV/AIDS regularly.
while Papua New Guinea faces significant health challenges, there are also opportunities to address these issues and improve health outcomes for the population.
Culture
Papua New Guinea is a country with a rich cultural heritage. The indigenous people of the country have a wide range of traditional art forms that are still practiced today. This includes dance, music, and carving.
Dance is an important part of Papua New Guinean culture. There are many different types of dances, each with their own unique style. The traditional dances often tell a story and are accompanied by drums, flutes, and other instruments. Some dances are performed by men, while others are performed by women, and some are performed by both genders together.
Music is also an important part of Papua New Guinean culture. There are numerous traditional instruments, such as the panpipes, bamboo flutes, drums, and stringed instruments. Traditional songs often tell stories or convey important messages. Modern music is also popular in Papua New Guinea, with many artists blending traditional and modern styles.
Carving is another traditional art form in Papua New Guinea. The indigenous people are known for their intricate wood carvings, which are often used to decorate ceremonial masks and objects. The carvings often depict mythological creatures or important figures from their culture.
In addition to these art forms, Papua New Guinea is also famous for its unique fashion. The country is known for its colorful bilum bags, which are made by hand from woven fibers and are used to carry goods. The country is also home to numerous talented weavers, who create intricate designs using natural fibers such as pandanus and bark cloth.
Papua New Guinean culture is rich and vibrant, with a strong emphasis on tradition and community. Visitors to the country can experience this unique culture firsthand by attending traditional dances, visiting local markets, and exploring the numerous art galleries and museums that showcase Papua New Guinea’s rich artistic heritage.
Activities to do
Papua New Guinea offers a variety of outdoor activities for the adventurous traveler. Hiking is a great way to explore the country’s rugged terrain and experience its unique flora and fauna. One of the most popular hikes is the Kokoda Track, a 96-kilometer trail that follows the route of the World War II battle between Australian and Japanese forces. The track can take up to 10 days to complete and offers stunning views of the Owen Stanley Range.
If you prefer water activities, scuba diving in Papua New Guinea is a must. The country is renowned for having some of the best diving spots in the world, with crystal clear waters and a diverse range of marine life. Popular dive sites include Kimbe Bay, Milne Bay, and the Coral Triangle.
Birdwatching is another popular activity in Papua New Guinea. The country is home to over 700 species of birds, including the famous birds of paradise. The best places for birdwatching are in the highlands, where you can see these spectacular birds in their natural habitat.
- Popular activities in Papua New Guinea:
- Hiking
- Scuba diving
- Birdwatching
Whether you choose to hike, dive, or watch birds, Papua New Guinea offers a unique and unforgettable experience for travelers seeking adventure and natural beauty.
Cities
Papua New Guinea has several major cities that are worth exploring. The capital city, Port Moresby, is located on the southern coast of the country and is the largest city in Papua New Guinea. It is home to several museums and galleries, including the Papua New Guinea National Museum and Art Gallery, which houses a vast collection of traditional art and cultural artifacts.
Lae is another major city in Papua New Guinea, located on the northern coast. It is the second-largest city in the country and serves as a major transportation hub. Lae is home to several tourist attractions, including the Lae War Cemetery, which commemorates Australian and Allied soldiers who lost their lives during World War II.
Madang is a coastal city located in the northern part of Papua New Guinea. It is known for its beautiful beaches and coral reefs, making it a popular destination for scuba diving and snorkeling. The city is also home to several cultural and historical attractions, including the Madang Museum and the Machine Gun Beach Tour.
Other notable cities in Papua New Guinea include Mount Hagen, which is known for its highland cultural shows, and Goroka, which hosts the annual Goroka Show, a major cultural festival that attracts visitors from around the world.
While these cities offer a glimpse into Papua New Guinea’s unique culture and heritage, it is important to note that the country’s rural areas and remote villages also have much to offer visitors. From traditional dance performances to vibrant markets selling handmade crafts and goods, there is no shortage of things to see and do in Papua New Guinea.
The Most Beautiful Cities
When it comes to beautiful cities in Papua New Guinea, two locations stand out among the rest: Alotau and Wewak.
Alotau is a resort town located on the southeastern tip of mainland Papua New Guinea. It is known for its stunning beaches, crystal clear waters, and idyllic tropical climate. The town is also home to numerous historical sites, including the Milne Bay War Memorial and the Alotau Cultural Museum.
Wewak, on the other hand, is located on the northern coast of mainland Papua New Guinea. It is known for its breathtaking beaches, diverse marine life, and lush rainforests. The city is home to a number of cultural attractions, including the Sepik River and the Wewak Hill Cultural Centre.
Both Alotau and Wewak offer visitors a unique blend of natural beauty, rich culture, and historical significance. Whether you’re looking to relax on the beach, explore local traditions and customs, or delve into Papua New Guinea’s history, these two cities are not to be missed.
Places to Visit
If you’re planning a trip to Papua New Guinea, you’ll want to be sure to visit some of the most popular tourist destinations that the country has to offer. Among the top spots to visit are the Sepik River region, the Kokoda Track, and the beaches of Madang.
The Sepik River region is a must-see for visitors to Papua New Guinea. Located in the northern part of the country, the Sepik River is famous for its unique culture and traditional art forms. The Sepik River area is also home to numerous villages and communities, providing visitors with an immersive cultural experience. Be sure to visit the spirit houses and see the carved wooden figures that have become synonymous with the region.
The Kokoda Track is another incredibly popular destination for visitors to Papua New Guinea. The track is a historic trail that runs through the Owen Stanley Range and was the location of a significant battle between Australian and Japanese forces during World War II. Today, the Kokoda Track is a popular hiking and trekking destination, offering visitors stunning views and a chance to walk in the footsteps of history.
For those looking for a more relaxing experience, the beaches of Madang are an excellent choice. Madang is located on the northern coast of Papua New Guinea and is home to some of the country’s most beautiful beaches. Visitors can enjoy activities such as swimming, snorkeling, and diving, or simply relax on the beach and take in the stunning views.
Other popular tourist destinations in Papua New Guinea include the Bismarck Archipelago, the Tari Basin, and the Highlands region. No matter where you choose to go, you’re sure to be captivated by the natural beauty and rich culture of this unique and fascinating country.
Food and Drink
Papua New Guinea’s cuisine is a reflection of its diverse cultures and natural resources. Many traditional dishes are made with locally sourced ingredients such as sweet potato, taro, yams, cassava, and fresh fish caught in the surrounding ocean. The country is also famous for its coffee and cocoa, which are exported globally.
One of the most popular traditional dishes in Papua New Guinea is Mumu, which is cooked in an earth oven and consists of vegetables, meat, and sometimes fish. The process of cooking Mumu involves stacking large stones, lighting a fire on the stones, and then placing banana leaves on top with the food. The mixture is covered with more banana leaves and then dirt, allowing the food to cook slowly in its own juices.
Another traditional dish is Kokoda, a dish of raw fish marinated in lime juice and mixed with coconut cream, tomatoes, and onions. This dish is similar to a ceviche, but with a Papua New Guinean twist.
Sago is a staple food in Papua New Guinea and is made from the pith of the sago palm. Sago is often served as a pudding with coconut cream and sugar or used as a thickener in savory dishes.
Bilum is a traditional woven bag made from plant fibers that is used to carry food, produce, and other items. Bilum bags are often used to store and transport sweet potato, taro, and other root vegetables, which are boiled and then mashed to make a thick paste that is eaten with stews or curries.
Papua New Guinea is also known for its refreshing drinks, such as coconut water and buai, a drink made from the nut of the betel palm. Buka is another popular drink, made from the nectar of the coconut blossom and often fermented to create an alcoholic beverage.
Papua New Guinea’s cuisine is a mix of traditional dishes and locally sourced ingredients, creating a unique flavor that reflects the country’s culture and natural resources. Whether you try Mumu, Kokoda, or one of the many other traditional dishes, you are sure to be delighted by the flavors and tastes that Papua New Guinea has to offer.
Flights
If you’re planning a trip to Papua New Guinea, you’ll be pleased to know that the country is served by numerous domestic and international airlines. Port Moresby and Lae are the major hubs for air travel in the country.
Air Niugini is the national airline of Papua New Guinea and provides domestic services to numerous destinations within the country. Other airlines that operate domestic flights include PNG Air and Airlines PNG.
Papua New Guinea is served by a number of international airlines, including Qantas, Air Nuigini, Singapore Airlines, and Cathay Pacific. Direct flights to Papua New Guinea are available from major cities in Australia, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
The two major airports in Papua New Guinea are Jacksons International Airport in Port Moresby and Nadzab Airport in Lae. These airports handle the majority of international and domestic flights in the country. Other airports in Papua New Guinea include Tabubil Airport, located near the Ok Tedi mine, and Mount Hagen Airport, which serves the Western Highlands province.
Domestic flight prices in Papua New Guinea are generally affordable, with prices starting from around PGK 200 ($60 USD) for a one-way ticket. International flight prices vary depending on the airline and destination, but expect to pay upwards of $500 for a round-trip ticket from Australia or Asia.
Booking flights to and from Papua New Guinea is relatively easy, with online booking systems available for most airlines. It’s recommended to book your flights in advance, especially if you’re traveling during peak season or during a major event.
When traveling to Papua New Guinea, it’s important to check visa requirements before booking your flights. Some countries require visas for entry, while others may be eligible for a visa on arrival. it’s recommended to check the latest travel advisories and security alerts before your trip.
traveling to Papua New Guinea by air is a convenient and relatively affordable option, with numerous airlines providing flights to and from the country.
Accommodation
If you’re planning a trip to Papua New Guinea, finding accommodation should not be a problem. There are numerous options available, ranging from luxury resorts to budget guesthouses and homestays.
One of the most well-known luxury resorts in the country is the Rondon Ridge Lodge, located in the Western Highlands. The lodge offers stunning views of the Wahgi Valley and is a great base for exploring the surrounding areas. Another popular option is the Loloata Island Resort, located just off the coast of Port Moresby. This exclusive resort is ideal for those looking for a secluded getaway and offers a range of activities including snorkelling and kayaking.
For those on a tighter budget, guesthouses and homestays are a great option. The family-run Sogeri Lodge in the Central Province is a popular choice, with comfortable rooms and a restaurant serving local cuisine. Homestays are also becoming increasingly popular with travellers, giving visitors the chance to experience local life and culture first-hand.
There are numerous other options available, including mid-range hotels and serviced apartments. It’s important to note that accommodation options in more remote areas may be limited, so it’s best to plan ahead and book in advance if possible.
No matter your budget or travel style, there’s sure to be accommodation in Papua New Guinea that meets your needs. So why not start planning your trip today and experience the unique culture and beauty of this amazing country.
Papua New Guinea Through the Eyes of the World
Papua New Guinea is a country that has received worldwide attention through various documentaries and travel shows. The country’s unique cultural and natural heritage has been showcased to the world, bringing its beauty to international audiences.
One of the most popular shows about Papua New Guinea is “Tribe” which aired on the Discovery Channel. The show delved into the lives of remote indigenous tribes, showcasing their customs, rituals, and ways of life. It highlighted the country’s cultural diversity and unique traditions that haven’t changed for centuries.
Another famous documentary is “The Last Cannibals” which was aired on the National Geographic Channel. The documentary highlighted the existence of cannibalism in Papua New Guinea and the efforts being made to put an end to it. The documentary also showcased the country’s natural beauty, with stunning shots of its cascading waterfalls and lush rainforests.
BBC’s “New Guinea: The Island and the People” was a four-part series that explored the island’s complex history, culture, and traditions. The show highlighted Papua New Guinea’s fabulous landscapes, from the towering peaks of the highlands to the pristine reefs that ring the coastline.
Many other travel shows have featured Papua New Guinea, including Anthony Bourdain’s “Parts Unknown.” The episode showcased the country’s traditional cuisine and the daily life of locals. It also highlighted the challenges faced by the country and its people.
Papua New Guinea’s beauty and culture have also been showcased in various movies. The movie “Tanna” was filmed entirely in Papua New Guinea and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. The movie showcases a love story between two members of rival tribes and is set against the backdrop of the natural beauty of the island.
Papua New Guinea has been able to garner attention and worldwide recognition through various documentaries, travel shows, and movies that have showcased its unique cultural and natural heritage. It is a country that offers stunning landscapes, diverse cultures, and a rich history, making it an excellent destination for travelers seeking unique experiences.